Adultery †Duffy Essay

Duffy presents relationships in the poems adultery and valentines in different ways. In adultery the title suggests betrayal and deceit. It explores the wife’s feeling towards her husband’s infidelity. Whereas in valentines, Duffy shows the different ways we love people and challenges the true meaning of love. Adultery is a regular structure of 11 stanzas. This shows repetition and also restriction. It has a regular repetitive rhythm so as to avoid losing the impact and the theme of the poem which is betrayal. Duffy introduces her poem in an exciting and a mysterious way; wear dark glasses in the rain. This shows that the person is hiding his identity. â€Å"Guilt. A sick, green tint† makes the reader pause and think giving the word â€Å"guilt† a bigger effect. It shows the damage caused by the action of the betrayer. She leaves the word† hands† unwritten which makes it important due to the various things a person can do with it. The second stanza creates an atmosphere of excitement and also shows a hint of prostitution when Duffy uses the line† money tucked in the palms†. â€Å"You are naked† is also of significance because it not only implies infidelity but also the word naked could mean vulnerability. Duffy uses this to present the reader different ways to look at the partner. Duffy uses the word â€Å"bastard† which is an offensive word. She could have just used the word bad person but instead she chose bastard because it is much more emotional and dramatic and shows the way the partner feels about the adulterer at that point in a more effective way. It shows the bitterness and the anger which is also shown throughout the poem. This could also suggest that the adulterer was a male since woman ar usually not called bastards. The reason it could be a married couple is due to the use of the word wedding cake later. â€Å"Sweet darkness in the afternoon† could suggest deception because people usually draw their curtains during the afternoon so that others from outside cant see. However, sweet darkness is also an oxymoron because they are two opposites. Duffy could have used these words to show how the two lovers make something that is spooky (darkness) into a more affectionate atmosphere by having sex. The stanza increase the about sexual atmosphere by suing words such as â€Å"gasping, radiant,yes†. Duffy uses a simile in â€Å"life which crumbles like a wedding cake† to compare the adulterer’s life to a fictional life where the marriage would still crumble due to guilt. The â€Å"tarnished† spoon could be a metaphor that suggests the adulterer has been with so many other lovers as well. Duffy suggests that men don’t live up to their promises. When they do something wrong, they try to win the other half over by buying â€Å"flowers† which could mean that they are up to no good. The word â€Å"darling† expresses the bitterness and the sarcasm of the partner. It gives us an insight on how the partner feels. Duffy builds up tension towards the end of the poem. She uses words that have got implied meanings. Similarly, she uses this same technique for â€Å"valentines as well although the theme of the poem is totally different and represents relationships in a different way. Valentines as the title suggests is about love and how it is expressed especially on Valentines Day. Duffy uses 1 line stanzas to give a more dramatic impact and also gives the key ideas. Duffy suggests that a â€Å"red rose† or a â€Å"satin heart† does not really carry the real meaning of love. The word â€Å"not† crates an effect which suggests that Duffy strongly thought that the roses and hearts were just fake symbols of love. Instead, Duffy tries to have an â€Å"onion† as a symbol of love. Duffy compares her onion to a moon wrapped in brown paper. The brown paper implies the outer skin of the onion. The moon is known for its romantic setting and its† light† could mean that true love provide the light of your life. In valentines, the poem uses imagery to get a point across. The poem has got the onion as the extended metaphor with an implied meaning of true love. However, in adultery Duffy uses the words â€Å"innocent onions† to show that the adulterer implies that they have not done anything and that they are completely innocent even after all the cheating. Duffy implies that love isn’t always going to be full of happiness. There are hardships as well which is the reason why she chose an onion. The onion can show the hardships through the† tears† when we peel an onion. Tears are part of true love. Duffy also suggests that by peeling an onion, the different layers of someone’s personality is also discovered. However, in adultery Duffy uses the word â€Å"unpeels† to suggest the sexual effect. Usually, photos are indicated for nostalgic moments of life. However, Duffy twists this idea by using† photo of grief† which implies that there would be sorrow and depression in love. She is trying to say that these are the truths of love. She uses â€Å"not a cute card or a kissogram† to imply that she was against normal gifts that did not really hold the true meaning of love. However, in adultery â€Å"your flowers dumb and explicit on nobody’s birthday† can portray that the person is up to no good. A flower which is a normal symbol of love is portrayed as betrayal and heartache. In valentines love is used as the key basic towards a good relationship. In adultery, the word â€Å"love† is used as an accusing comment by the partner to the adulterer. It suggests that the adulterer does not really know all about love since he is cheating. â€Å"a ring thrown away† shows that the marriage would most probably end due to the deception. Similarly in valentines, Duffy mentions a â€Å"wedding ring† which is important since it’s a sign of love. On the other hand, Duffy could have used this to suggest that marriage is not the best option if there is no passion in a relationship. The word† lethal† is unusual to be in this poem. This however could mean that love is lethal in a way. It’s a metaphorical death of love that is break-ups. This word similarly is also mentioned in adultery for a different situation though. In adultery, Duffy builds up a situation on all the different ways the person cheats. She uses the word lethal to make sure that the reader doesn’t feel comfortable with the deception and the betrayal. This word shows the dangerous consequence of adultery. However, in valentine the repetition of the word ‘cling’ shows the way feelings can take a grip on people. On the other hand, in adultery the feelings certainly didn’t make the relationship between the two people any stronger. In valentines, the poem uses imagery to get a point across. The poem has got the onion as the extended metaphor with and implied meaning of true love. Whereas, in adultery Duffy uses language technique of implied or hidden meanings to create a mood that builds on and then changes it. She uses language effectively to present how the partner feels. The poem adultery could be personally linked to Duffy. She might have had relationships where she was hurt or was betrayed by her lover. Whereas, in valentines she could have just wanted people to experiment and modernise their way of thinking instead of just sticking with the old boring meaningless ones.

To Tax or Not to Tax

To Tax or Not to Tax: The Problem of America Money, like a cookie, is something everybody wants, and when it is gone a person blames everybody else for its absence; realizing later they were the one to consume it in the first place. Taxes, since the beginning of an organized economy, have been argued over for centuries. At the end of 2012 after surviving the â€Å"end of the world,† tax payers were faced with another apocalyptic situation, the Fiscal Cliff.It had the potential to raise taxes to outrageous rates, and despite the dismissal of the Cliff, the issue had just been pushed onto the back burner of the economy and will be readdressed later this year. On one hand, by keeping low taxes the state is unable to create a sufficient amount of money to pay off its debt. Instead, many people argue that by raising taxes the increased prices of items will actually harm the nation’s economic recovery (Russell).Taxes should be increased because facing the national debt is ine vitable and the country is will be unable to recover from the mounting debt until it’s citizens help bring it back from its economic grave. Taxes are directly connected to the economy of a nation, and due to this many people argue that the government needs to cut spending on government programs that are causing the debt to increase. Yet, it was revealed that automatic budget cuts were part of the Fiscal Cliff, and would have saved $109 billion in federal spending on defense and non-defense programs alike. â€Å"President To Make Argument For Fiscal Cliff  Plans†). Ironically, people argued that the government needs to cut, but as it was revealed that is exactly what the cliff was aiming to do. The Fiscal Cliff could have cut unnecessary costs causing the debt to lessen, and in turn reduced swollen deficits (Dixon). This reduction can decrease the debt but even with the removal of these programs the large debt the nation has would be unable to be quickly and efficient ly taken care of at current tax rates.This proves that cutting costs can not solely help the economic situation. Despite this, the resulting chain reaction caused by cutting certain budgets benefits the United States overall because it organizes the spending of the nation and can prevent unnecessary costs. By going over the Cliff, one possibility is that the nation could fall into a recession. Yet, the government discussed the possibility of raising taxes on the rich to make up for taxes that could be placed on the middle class.Economists, who have analyzed the possible effects of going over this â€Å"cliff,† argue that this would result in preventing the economy from completely going over (Cohen). Although, taxes will have to be raised on everybody anyways due to newly enacted health care programs. This tax raise is justifiable because these new programs are meant to help citizens but it is unlikely for things to come without a price, â€Å"though the people support the go vernment; the government should not support the people,† (Cleveland).This plan to raise taxes by 39% is actually an advantage for tax payers because it will be made permanent meaning that after families adjust to the new income amount they will receive, after taxes have been removed from the overall amount, they will not have to worry about being faced with another scramble to extend tax policies in the future (Ohlemacher). The certainty this can provide families with a regular tax plan they can adjust to without major changes in the future. The economic world can be both a clam sea and a brewing storm, although with a consistent tax plan tax payers will be able to comfortably sail this reliable ocean.Often, before acting, one looks to the examples of others for guidance; for the mistakes of others will not be theirs. Britain has remained the main nation America looks at when discussing politics and this was proven no different when discussing economics. Conceders have argued that raising taxes would not fix anything, as proven by the British example. In 2010 Cameron took office, axing the government’s budget, a potential plan in the Fiscal Cliff, yet the gross domestic product is below the level it had been at when Cameron had started (Brown).This comparison proves inaccurate because governments are individualistic and many factors, such as the executives chosen in the government and the differing economies or markets in each country, could affect the result of certain decisions. Britain’s ailment is specifically due to a lack of demand not of supply, Adam Posen, a specialist in British economics, argued, and the U. S. cannot be properly compared to the parliamentary government of Britain (Brown). If the government was to raise taxes it is not guaranteed that it would result negatively on the economy as a whole.Actually, by raising taxes the nation is being given a chance to reform the tax code and broaden the base in the future (Cohen). A trip to the drawing board of economics combined with an on the dot tax plan could revolutionize the economy of America instead of resulting in disaster as many people against the raise in taxes have argued. To tax or not to tax; that is the problem. Despite arguments for a decrease in taxes it is clear that if the government ignores the demand for money to appease the increasing debt then the economy will fall into a harsh depression that will become harder to fix.Citizens put their safety in the hands of the government, they put their children’s safety in the hands of the government, they put their education in the hands of the government, and they put their money in the hands of the government. Why then can they not put their trust? Taxes should be raises so that the deficit does not increase to a larger rate. It is time to start refilling the empty bank of American. Works Cited Brown, Abram. â€Å"The Argument Against Fiscal Cliff Austerity: Just Look At Britain's Mess. â€Å"Forbes.Forbes Magazine, 24 Dec. 2012. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. Cleveland, Grover. Quote – Though the People Support the Government; the Government Should Not Support the People†¦ on Quotations Book. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. Cohen, Tom. â€Å"Fiscal Cliff: What Isn't Said Tells More than Actual Words. †Ã‚  CNN. Cable News Network, 07 Dec. 2012. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. Dixon, Kim. â€Å"Analysis: â€Å"Fiscal Cliff' Deal Called a Dud on Deficit Front. †Ã‚  Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune, 01 Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. Dubay, Curtis S. â€Å"Send This Report to a Friend.   The Heritage Foundation. The Heritage Foundation, 9 Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. Ohlemacher, Stephen. â€Å"Fiscal Cliff Deal Will Raise Taxes On 77 Percent Of Americans: Tax Policy Center Analysis. †Ã‚  The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 02Jan. 2013. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. â€Å"President To Make Argument For Fiscal Cliff  Plans. †Ã‚  Breaking News for Bla ck America. News One, 27 Nov. 2012. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. Russell, Don. â€Å"A Clear Concise Look at the ‘Fiscal Cliff' Controversy. †Ã‚  Examiner. com. Examiner, 4 Dec. 2012. Web. 24 Jan. 2013.

Applied research method - topic to be defined out of the assignment Essay

Applied research method - topic to be defined out of the assignment - Essay Example The difference in organizational culture is perceivable and culture has been recognized as a strong determinant of beliefs, attitudes and behavior. The strategic decision of M&A would have to take into account the impact of the differences in culture between two organizations or even between two nations. A high percentage of mergers and acquisitions fail to meet expectations and a very strong argument is that cultures were not integrated. This makes it interesting to know the impact that M&A has on the culture of an organization. To determine the impact of cultural differences when M&A take place, literature review would be conducted. There is a broad stream of literature available but since it is not possible to go through or include the entire database, select academic journals would be used to determine the impact that culture has during mergers. Three academic papers are recent while two papers are decades old. This has been done to understand how the mind set of people has changed over time. Literature review permits quick and easy collection of general information on the issue. The literature review would help to arrive at the research question. Cultural differences have been blamed for high failure rate in M&A but research suggests otherwise (Teerikangas & Very, 2006). Differences in top management styles have been found in top US companies but not in rewards and evaluation system to have a negative performance impact. Functional background had a positive impact on post-acquisition performance. A buying firm’s behavior throughout the buying process is influenced by its national background. According to some authors, differences in national cultures are not an impediment but a potential success factor for M&A. Research suggests that decision-makers give disproportionate attention to strategic fit as compared to integration issues (Olie, 1994). One of these issues is the ‘cultural fit’ where the fundamental differences

People (HR) Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Global organizations ethical & cultural issues Essay

Global organizations ethical & cultural issues - Essay Example Such challenges may include ethical and cultural issues that corporations face as they seek to expand their presence in the global arena. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. faces ethical, social responsibility & cultural issues as it seeks to expand its operations outside the United States. Indeed, this research paper addresses and analyzes the cultural, ethical, and social responsibility issues affecting the operations of Wal-Mart outside America. Wal-Mart is a global retail corporation that operates a chain of large retail stores in various formats across the world (Forbes, 2013). The global organization has its headquarters in America and stands out as the largest private employer with more than two million employees across the world. The corporation has about 8500 stores, which operates in 50 states in the United States and in 26 countries across the globe (The New York Times, 2013). The global organization has a low price philosophy, which attracts a wide a customer base (Forbes, 2013). Neve rtheless, with the diversity of its operations and many employees the corporation faces numerous ethical, cultural, and social responsibility issues relating to its operations and workforce. Walmart has been expanding its operations outside US especially to areas where it can establish a strong retail store. The global organization opened retail stores in Japan, Germany, China, and South Korea but faced various cultural issues that limited its success and sometimes led to the closure of such retail stores. Notably, Germany was the first place that Walmart opened its stores outside Europe (Landler & Barbaro, 2006). Nevertheless, cultural issues in Germany grounded its operations. The cultural issues included the corporation’s failure to provide all products and services under one roof as seen in American stores (Landler & Barbaro, 2006). Moreover, the merchandise at the Walmart stores in Germany was inefficient for the customers. The retail store irritated the German customers by placing all the premium products at an eye level and placing the discounted products at the bottom or the top most shelve where customers struggled to get the discounted products (Landler & Barbaro, 2006). Additionally, the WalMart’s product line in Germany did not suit the shopping and cultural traits of the customers. In fact, the German culture negated the American culture that Walmart propagates in that shoppers opt to shop daily in various local stores dealing in household goods and groceries instead of shopping once a week as Walmart advocates (Landler & Barbaro, 2006). Walmart had issues in satisfying the cultural and shopping habits of a normal German shopper who seeks to the most efficient and limited time in shopping (Landler & Barbaro, 2006). The retail store in Germany mandated customers to spend longer time in shopping to the dismay of the German shoppers. Additionally, the retail store introduced strange management practices that did not conform to the Germa n culture. Indeed, the management requires employees to attend the morning exercise before the shift that annoyed many German employees (Landler & Barbaro, 2006). Furthermore, the store required sales clerks to smile at customers. This negated the German culture where men viewed this as flirting and the German culture viewed the behavior of smiling at strangers as an abnormality (Landler & Barbaro, 2006). In fact, this trend disturbed many German cashiers and derived hard feelings as the smiles were

A critical review of methods of water quality assessment Essay

A critical review of methods of water quality assessment - Essay Example As per the report of Chapman, it is easier to note that biological methods allow careful screening of any effect which may be arising because of any reservoir or water body (Hartje 2002). It should also be noted that the biological methods are applied in order to help measure the intensity of the change in the ecological cycle. However, there are many indicators which would give a clear idea as to what extent is being noted in terms of ecological change (Yamaguchi andWesselink 2000). These indicators can be dead fish or the changing colors of the water etc. At one hand these indicators might help in analyzing the changes which are undergoing in the ecological cycle while on the other hand there are some of the aquatic changes which will take place and cannot be identified without the usage of aquatic biota. One of the biological assessments which is being commonly used in order to undergo water quality assessment is the past time assessment of the environment (Dinar and Albiac 2009). This is in the context of the fact that aquatic organisms leave their traces to affect the ecological cycle which can be noted when the changes is already on its final stage. In simpler words, it is complicated for the biologists to evaluate the change in its initial stages (Roy, Oborne and David 2009). It is because of this reason that assessment is undertaken by considering past time and the present time of the environment. Another method which is being employed world wide is acute toxicity testing which is applied in cases where water is greatly affected by pollution (EnecoTech 2004). Chemical method for assessment of water quality is noted as a very expensive form of quality measuring tool. Chemical method does not show a longer duration result as in the biological method in which organisms give a longer period results. In this way assessment can be done without loosing any sample (Northern Territory Government

Funds Management and Potfolio Selection Assignment

Funds Management and Potfolio Selection - Assignment Example that not all the investors have the necessary time and knowledge to search the market and identify different assets which can yield consistent results for them. In order to overcome such situations, intermediaries offer their services which include a range of services including offering advice as well as tailoring the portfolio for the individual investors according to the requirements of the investors. Fund management is one type of financial intermediation which can help investors to mange their wealth in a manner that not only provides the consistent returns but also preserve the capital of the investors. Investment fund industry in Australia has grown recently and as such the growth has resulted into the formation of a mutli-billionaire industry at the global level. The essential feature of the fund managers running such investment funds is to offer the services of managing the money on behalf of their clients because they develop expertise as well as knowledge of the market which ordinary investors lack. Fund management is often considered as the professional management of the different securities as well as assets in order to meet the specific goals of the investors. Funds are often created for specific purposes with very well define investment goals and objectives. Funds often also outline their strategies as to how the investment process will be carried out to achieve such objectives. For example, if the objectives of the fund are to provide consistent results with minimum risk, the fund may clearly outline that it will invest into government securities or money market so that the overall risk profile of the portfolio remains within acceptable limits. Fund management industry is typically dominated by small as well as large players which cater to the specific needs of the various groups of customers and offer specialized services by creating specific niche markets for themselves. Typically, a fund charges commission on the transactions carried by it

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Ethical Consumption - attitudes, behavior, ethical consumption literature - Essay Example Thus due to the growing importance of ethical consumption it has become crucial for marketers to understand the meaning and the relation between ethical attitudes and behaviour. Ethical behaviour denotes the characteristics of honesty, dignity, diversity and equality in interpersonal and professional approaches (Darley & et. at., 2001). On the contrary, ethical attitude suggests the principles or morality of a human being (Cowan, 2006).In the backdrop of this, the essay intends to explain why attitudes may not always help to predict behaviour and why the attitude-behaviour gap might be so prevalent throughout the ethical consumption literature in particular. During the discussion the initial object is to define the theory of reasoned action. It can be asserted as a model of guessing the behavioural aim. In accordance with General liberal arts (2014), it can be asserted as person’s attitude always leads to a particular behaviour for a certain outcome. Theory of reasoned action relates with reflecting relationship between attitude and actual behaviour. According to this theory behaviour and intention for behaviour is the dependent variables, whereas attitude towards the behaviour and subject norms are independent variables (General Liberal Arts, 2014). A person’s intention to perform a particular behaviour is measured by the behavioural intention. It has been observed that attitudes and norms are not measured equally in predicting behaviour. Instead, it depends upon the individual person and the situation (Vallerand & et. at., 1991). These factors can put different effects on behavioural intention. Correspondingly, these fac tors are identified below. According to the theory of reasoned action, attitude is an outcome of collection of beliefs regarding a particular behaviour based on the evaluation of these beliefs. It can be best understand through an example. Correspondingly, it can be asserted

Saudi and the western style education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Saudi and the western style education - Essay Example A lot of research has shown a greater effect of Saudi customs, laws, and traditions, on Saudi women than of the religion Islam. Since both religion and culture play a decisive role in the establishment of social practices in Saudi Arabia, one factor cannot be separated from the other as their function is mutual. Consideration of religion would distract the research from its focus. There is a variety of cultural beliefs and traditions that are observed by the different families and communities in Saudi Arabia. Predominantly tribal communities are more conservative in their traditions. This is evident in terms of segregation of sexes directed at reducing sexual temptation and maintaining chastity and modesty. Central regions in Saudi Arabia are more particular about enforcing strict laws related to sex segregation compared to the Eastern Province. Role of Saudi women is more determined by culture compared to tribal families’ tradition or religion. For instance, while Bahrain and Kuwait are Gulf countries comprising tribal families, the two countries do not place restrictions on women from participating in the public life just as Saudi Arabia does. It can thus be said that women’s status and their expected behavior is a consequence of Saudi Arabia’s unique culture. Although this strict segregation has prevailed in the universities, yet this trend has started to change gradually. High-walled universities admit female students who can freely walk around inside the campus. In fact, the primary function of these high walls is to provide the women with security and independence to move around freely. The first women’s university in Saudi Arabia was opened in 1979. Ever since, more universities have been opened for women, though women still have generally lesser educational choices than what are available to men. For example, women have to choose more restricted professions or majors

Orthomyxovirus (influenza) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Dehydration of Methylcyclohexanol Essay Example for Free

Dehydration of Methylcyclohexanol Essay A common Sophomore Organic Chemistry laboratory experiment that has great potential for further research is the acid catalyzed dehydration of simple alcohols. The classic dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol experiment that was introduced in Journal of Chemical Education in 1967 Taber(1967)JCE:44,p620. The rather simple procedure of distilling an alcohol with an aqueous acid has spawned several investigations that have resulted in formal journal articles. At the same time, the experiment has retained its popularity in the Sophomore Organic Chemistry laboratory curriculum. In one line of inquiry it has been observed that a mixture of 2-methylcyclohexanol diastereomers gives rise to a mixture of three isomeric alkenes Todd(1994)JCE:71,p440; Feigenbaum(1987) JCE:64, p273; Cawley (1997) JCE:74l, p102. Explaining the presence of the three alkene products requires an intense synthesis of information communicated in a typical SOC textbook. The continued popularity of this experiment is corroborated by the observation that Googling the phrase â€Å"Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol† on January 13th, 2008 returned no less than 20 hits for online student handouts and/or guides for this SOC laboratory experiment. Moreover, this experiment provides fertile ground for experimentation and innovation that has not yet been fully explored. At Dominican University, the SOC students performed this experiment during the Fall 2007 semester with not only the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 153087) but also the 4-methyl (Aldrich 153095) and 3-methyl (Aldrich 139734) positional isomers. The reaction products were submitted to GC-FID analysis. As predicted from the Journal of Chemical Education articles, three methylcyclohexene products were observed. Their relative abundance measured by peak height was 80, 16, and 4%. The alkene products represented by these peaks apparently correspond to 1-methycyclehexene, 3-methycyclehexene, and methylenecyclohexane respectively. [pic] The dehydration of 4-methylcyclohexanol produce two products, that can be distinguished by our current GC column, at 90 and 10% with retention times that match 3-methycyclehexene and 1-methycyclehexene respectively. My current theory is that the retention times 3 and 4-methycyclohexene could not be distinguished with GC column and temperature program. However, there is still the issue of how 1-methycyclehexene is produced from 4-methylcyclohexanol. [pic] The dehydration of 3-methylcyclohexanol yields two products, that can be distinguished by our current GC column, at 80 and 20% with retention times that match 3-methylcyclohexene and 1-methycyclehexene respectively. [pic] Samples of 1-methyl and 3-methyl cyclohexenes purchased from Aldrich chemical confirmed two of compound assignments for the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol. Obviously, it remains to separate the 3 and 4-methylcyclohexene by GC. There are several advantages of studying the dehydration of methylcyclohexanols in the first semester of Organic Chemistry: 1) The experiment involves reactions that are typically studied during first semester: E1, E2, and the 1,2-hydride shift. It is a time-tested protocol that has been run in hundreds of labs by thousands of students. 2) Analysis of the experiment involves the understanding of all three mechanisms mentioned previously and how they may compete with each other. In other words, it is a simple experiment that demands a rather involved interpretation of results. 3) It shows that textbooks â€Å"rules† such as the Zaitzev’s rule in this case, are not necessarily rules as such, but rather astute observations of general trends that can vary experimentally depending on the reactant and the reaction conditions. 4) Analytically, we are observing/measuring the presence of 3 known methylcyclohexene and methylenecyclohexane products that can be separated and detected by Gas Chromatography. I believe that the product mixtures can also be analyzed by NMR. 5) The reaction lends itself to an inquiry format that involves the study different reactants and reaction conditions on the ratio of products. In fact, this experiment, in my opinion, is an ideal candidate for a multi-institution collaborative study that combines and interprets student data. want to pursue point #5 further by first grappling with the current literature concerning the â€Å"Evelyn Effect.† The JCE article by David Todd, â€Å"The Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Revisited: The Evelyn Effect† observes a kinetic effect that can be explained by proposing that in a mixture of cis/trans 2-Methylcyclohexanol the cis isomer reacts much faster than the trans isomer to give predominately 1-methylcyclohexene. The formation of 1-methylcyclohexene from cis-2-methylcyclohexanol would involve an â€Å"E2-like† anti-elimination of proton and the protonated alcohol. The dehydration of the trans isomer would go through a E1 mechanism that requires the formation of a carbocation before elimination of a proton. A follow-up study by Cawley and Linder: â€Å"The Acid Catalyzed Dehydration of an Isomeric 2-Methylcyclohexanol Mixture† involves a detailed kinetic study. Students began with a 36.6/63.4 cis/trans mixture of 2-methylcyclohexanol with a cyclohexanol impurity (% impurity was not reported). They performed thy typical reaction+distillation and collected fractions at 4, 8, 16, 24, and 28 minutes. They also collected a 0.1 mL volume of the sample of the reaction mixture at each of these time intervals. These fractions were analyzed by 1H NMR and GC for composition. The cis/trans rate constants for the dehydration of reaction were determined to be 8.4/1.0 – much less than 30/1 ratio reported in 1931 by Vavon and Barbier. An intriguing study! It would be very interesting to have the raw (student) data on this one. Very little is said about the product ratios in the distillate fractions, they just report that they obtained 2.1% methylenecyclohexane and not the 4% previously reported. The dehydration of methylcyclohexanols provides a fecund problem to explore. The key is to develop methods to determine the distribution of alkene products in terms of % total alkenes. There are four possible positional isomers: I. methylenecyclohexane (Aldrich, Acros, 1192-37-6); II. racemic 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene (Acros, 591-48-0); III. 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene (Aldrich, Acros 591-49-1) IV. racemic 4-methyl-1-cyclohexene (Aldrich, Acros 591-47-9). Two of the alkene positional isomers contain an asymmetric carbon. The obvious place to start is by studying how the alcohol structure affects the product distribution of alkenes. There are 5 positional isomers of methylcyclohexanol: I. cyclohexanemethanol (Aldrich 100-49-2); II. 1-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 590-67-0); III. racemic cistrans 2-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 583-59-5) IV. racemic cistrans 3-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 591-23-1) V. cistrans 4-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 589-91-3). Three of the alcohols are present in cis and trans diastereomer pairs: cis 2-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 7445-70-1) trans 2-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 7445-52-9) cis 3-methylcyclohexanol (5454-79-5) trans 3-methylcyclohexanol (7443-55-2) cis 4-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 7731-28-4) trans 4-methylcyclohexanol (Aldrich 7731-28-4). In addition there are 4 entaniomer pairs among the alcohol starting materials. Most of them are commercially available, for a price. [pic] Besides the structure of the alcohol, what other variables may be explored? 1) One variable for this reaction that could be investigated is the nature of the catalytic acid. Aqueous acids, such as the 85% H3PO4 typically used for this experiment, contain some water which is also product of the reaction. I may also add that, the amount of acid is not always in catalytic proportion to the substrate. In my current protocol 0.075 moles of acid is used to dehydrate 0.2 moles of alcohol. Non-aqueous acids may give different results. Acidic resins are an interesting substitute for aqueous acids. For example, John Ludeman and Kurt Field of Bradley University presented a poster at the 2006 ACS Great Lakes Regional Meeting on the use of Dowex 50WX2-100, Amberlite IRC-50S, and Amberlyst 15, for the dehydration of alcohols. 2) Another variable would be the reaction conditions. In the current paradigm, the alkene is distilled away from the reaction mixture. Presumably, it is being distilled away as it is formed. An ad-hoc observation is that students seem to get somewhat different product ratios if they distill is carefully or if they â€Å"crank up the heat† and distill it quicker. What if the reaction mixture was refluxed to equilibrium before distillation? Would we see more thermodynamic products? 3) Reaction conditions could be changed in other ways too. Microwave irradiation is currently being explored as an alternative to heating reactions. Possibly, sonication could also be performed on the alcohol. 4) Another avenue to explore may be different strategies to push the reaction towards the products other than distilling off the alkene. For example, removing water with molecular sieves may be tried. The last installment of this series will explore the logistics of â€Å"dehydration of methylcycohexanols† as a collaborative experiments. The most straightforward collaboration would be to perform the â€Å"dehydration of methylcycohexanols† experiment in the same way and compare the relative yield of alkenes as measured by GC from different starting alcohols. Comparisons could be made with past data or concurrently collected data from different institutions. This may be seem fairly straightforward, but there will most likely be discrepancies that could will need to be explored. One aspect to make note of would be the source and composition of the methylcyclohexanols used a starting materials. Sigma-Aldrich has †¢ 1-methylcyclohexanol #M38214; †¢ 2-methylcyclohexanol #66320, #215295, #178829, #24113, #153087, †¢ 3-methylcyclohexanol #139734; †¢ 4-methylcyclohexanol #66360, #104183, #104191, #153095; †¢ as well as just plain methylcyclohexanol #66370. An experimental variable that is hard to control is rate of heating. Students who crank up the hot plate to get done quickly (even though they were told not to) may get different results than those students who go slowly and maintain an even temperature. Different GC columns and methods may also give results that need to be corroborated.

Learning and Development Essay Example for Free

Learning and Development Essay Strategic activities in organization or at work places are approaches to human resource management that provide a framework to support long term business goals and outcomes, these approaches vary in relation to the business activities itself. Schwab (1980) noted that the growing body of strategic research can be seen in two interrelated ways which are the substantive and measurement streams. The substantive stream refers to studies which emphasizes on the physiology or character of a theoretical relationship between independent and dependent variables while the measurement stream focuses on the outcome of the correlation between the underlying theoretical concept and operationalization itself (Venkatraman and Grant 1986). This academic article tries to look at more of the measurement stream in relation to training, learning and development based on previous academic articles and my own general understanding of how truly these strategic these concepts are or not. Learning training and development are human resource development activities and over time, two factors have influenced these concepts towards being part of the evolutional role of the formulating business strategy which are the centrality of information technology to business success and the sustainable competitive advantage offered by work force expertise (Swanson and Terraco 1995) Critical business issues from new marketing strategies to innovations in production technology are based on, among other factors, the performance capabilities of those expected to use these new work systems, this means that employee expertise itself has been expanded through effective programs of employee development. Therefore activities of human resource development in the work place such as learning training and development have truly been strategic by maintaining the pace with the increasingly sophisticated information and production technologies that continue to diffuse throughout vital industries of the world (swanson and terraco1994). The conceptualization of strategic human resource management as a management system which matches business concerns with human resource activities (Beer et al 1984;miles and snow 1984) have been referred to as a high performance work system(HPWS)(Bercker et al 1196) which is characterized by provision of employee development and training activities in with the business strategy(Aurthur 1994: Huselid 1995; Jackson and Schuler 1995;MacDuffie 1995) for example,selction, development and rewards involves the internal combination of procedures across the hr function. This shows the degree of emphases placed on the link between human resource activities and business need in relation to strategy (Baird and Meshoulam 1988; Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall 1988; Fisher 1989; Boxall 1992; Mabey and Iles 1993; Schuler 1992).  Successful internal integration of HR activities results in organizational benefits (Becker et al. 1996). This essay of mine attempts to show the link among learning train ing and development as a strategy to organization. Learning and development as an approach of strategy stands for how an organization make sure that the present and future learning and development activities support the achievements of its goals by improving skills and capabilities of individuals and teams.. it should be business directed, this means that it should be designed to help the attainment of business goals by promoting human capital management(Armstrong 2009). Learning can be defined as a means by which a person acquire and develop new knowledge, skills, capabilities, behaviors and attitudes† Armstrong 2011 pg 664. Honey and Mumford noted explained learning happens when people show that they know they didn’t prior to the time they are now. The enhancement of capabilities previously had which leads to skills, knowledge and attitudes through a continual process that tends to prepare people for more responsibities in the future is the act of learning. Estherby-smith et al (2000) agreed to the fact that there is a debate whether learning should be defined as change in cognition or behaviors, thus showing that researchers would agree with defining learning as a change in organizations knowledge and is a fuction of experience. Learning and development as a strategy is concerned with creating a learning culture that will encourage learning and will provide a basis for planning and implementing learning activities and programmes(Armstrong 2011) this means that for an organization to use the concept of learning as a strategy is has to imbibe the learning culture which is one that learning that is practiced from top management, line managers and employees generally as an essential way of doing things in the firm which they commit to and continuously done. A learning organization was deined by senge(1990) as one where people learn together, where collective aspiration is set free, where there is nuturinng of expansive pattern of thinking and they continuously enlarge their capabilities to create outcomes they truly desire. I have previously mentioned development with learning because both of the them are related when one think about it generally but would like to define it now in the next paragraph. i would be explaining learning and developments together as being strategic. Development can be defined as concerned withensuring that a perons ability and potential are grown and raised in the process of learning experiences or through self directed learning. Development is the end product of true learning which can be seen through changes in outcome of pre and post learning activities i. e the change from the present state of understanding and capabilitiy to a new and higher level of knowledge, skills and abilities. These processes of learning and developments wouldnot take place not to now talk of being strategic without individuals in the organization, this means that individual members are the organism through which organizational learning and development take place. The knowledge embedded in that or those individuals have to be reposited to other people in the firm to gain competitive advantage which is the whole reason for the strategy in itself which are affected by the following factors explained by Argote(2011). Firstly, the experience of the organization affects the organizational learning,this done not by characterizing experience at a gross level , but taking a fine grained approach to describing or noting its elements along with various dimensions( Argote et al 2002). the purpose of taking this approach is to be be able to tell when experience is positive or negative in relation to the processes and outcomes in order to be able to explain relationships amongst the types of experience and to design the learning experience in order to be strategic about the learning. Secondly is the process of organizational learning itself, which is conceived as having three processes: creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Not much research has been done on creation unlike knowledge retention and transfer. Empirical research over at least the last twenty years that there would be significant difference innovative capabilities of a firm and its knowledge through it transfers within the firm (easterby et all 2008) this is key to the success of the ensuring of the strategy of the firm. This depends on characteristics of the individual that has the knowledge, recipient, attributes of the knowledge and the knowledge transfer process itself as an mportant factor to developing learning capabilities which lead to competitive advantage of the firm (Grant 1996) Another factor is the that could lad to learning being a succes is thr stratetic management it self,peopke whoput these learning and development strategy into place itself. Dynamic capabilities which is an example of strategic management are impotant concepts in relation to organisational learning and its sub process. ‘a greater understanding of how dynamic capabilities develop through organizational learning is needed† Argate 2011 pg Contextuality is also another factor that affects learning which is characterized by the situation and envitonment in which the company finds it self. Oragnisational learniong can do well in an environment which its stability varies with time or turbulent (herdberg 981) little inducement of learning occurs in an environment that’s stable while in a too turbulent environment, the organisation would not be able to interpret environmental responses(bierly and hamalainen 1995) if care is not taken,learning under ambiguity may occur which march and olsen 1975 defined as a situation where the environment is unanalysable and the learning cyle still continues and percieved as an interpretation or meaning. â€Å" Knowledge capabilities are at the heart of the effectiveness of organizations. Since the market and competitive environment of all companies is rapidly changing, the value of existing capabilities will quickly decay, resulting in a lack of competitiveness. It is imperative for organizations to focus on developing their knowledge capabilities on an ongoing basis, or they will face extinction. Organizational development must be centered on the continual enhancement of knowledge capabilities, as the foundation of organizational effectiveness in all fields† Dawson 2000. Armstrong(2009) identified the following elements needed for learning and development to be really strategic and they go follows: it should make a major contribution to the successful attainment of the organizations objective and investments: it should be integrated with and support the achievement of business and human resource strategies: it should be designed un such a way that it would achieve improvement in corporate functional and maximum development in skills and knowledge of people in the organization; equal opportunity for everyone in the organization to develop their skills and knowledge while attaining personal development through the framework of individual and self directed learning but still maintain the primary knowledge of knowing that this is dependent on the employee themselves who be guided and supported by their manager as necessary with the members of the hr department.

Constitution of the United States and Crime

Constitution of the United States and Crime Introduction In the United States, there are many correctional systems whereby while some houses the most dangerous criminals globally, others house the criminals who do not require a lot of security. The purpose of the correctional systems is using them in the detention of the criminals who have been convicted of the crimes that are against the outlined rules in the society. The main goal of the correctional facilities in thus to punish the wrongdoers as well as rehabilitate them so that they can be in a position to live a law-abiding life once they are released back to the society (McElreath, 2012). The professionals in these correctional facilities such as the parole officers, probation officers, jailers and the guards in the correctional facilities are supposed to be careful to avoid violating the rights of any individual in the facilities while still ensuring that they uphold the punishment. The professionals are expected to uphold the ethical standards in their execution of justice. In this paper, the parts of the constitution which are closely related to the ethics in the correction professionals will be discussed and use of social justice principles by the professionals to build a just society. In addition to this, the paper will also address how the criminal theory is practically used by the correctional officers and three issues that are faced by correctional professionals regularly and the way to respond to them. Corrections professionals must execute justice by upholding the law in an ethical and constitutional manner. Identify and explain which parts of the Constitution of the United States are most relevant to the ethical standards of corrections professionals. In the United States, various outlined rules are supposed to be followed in the field of criminal justice, and they give the criminals their rights. One of the parts of the Constitution of the United States which is most relevant to the ethical standards of corrections professionals is the one which gives the criminals their rights. This outlines that the criminals should not be harmed in anyway irrespective of the crimes that they have committed. The countries criminal system do not cause harm to them because they can be released from the prosecution and their case acquainted if the prosecution is done in their favor and no act of immorality is found. The officers in charge of the law enforcement in the country must always ensure that they execute justice in a way that the law is upheld in a constitutional and an ethical manner. The Department of Justice in the United States aims at the prevention and the resolving of the conflicts and the tensions that arise between communities as a result of discriminatory policies, actions, and practices by color, nationality, and race. All the law enforcement officers are thus expected to follow as well as obey the outlined rules and regulations at all times. How corrections professionals ensure that they uphold the Constitution One of the ways in which the correction professionals ensure that they uphold the Constitution is through ensuring that they do not inflict any injury to the inmates irrespective of the crimes that they have committed. In case the inmates are assaulted, they are supposed to report on the issue through writing for investigations to be carried out to punish the individual who assaulted them. The other way in which the correctional professionals should ensure that they uphold the Constitution is by ensuring equality among all the inmates irrespective of their race, color, the origin or the crime committed (Pollock, 2014).   All the inmates should be treated similarly irrespective of whether they committed murder, petty crimes or even kidnapping. They should, however, avoid putting together the inmates who committed murder and the ones convicted for shoplifting since it is dangerous for the two individuals involved. The other way in which the correctional professionals should ensure th at they uphold the Constitution is by avoiding solidarity among them. This is illegal, and the correctional professionals should avoid this to avoid doing illegal thinks when together on the clock. Analyze the ways in which corrections professionals use the social justice principles of equality, solidarity, and human rights to build a more just society. One of the ways in which the correctional professionals use the social justice principles of equality, human rights, and solidarity is by reporting anything that is illegal that is being done by other correctional professionals to each other or the inmates. Although the inmates are locked in, they should still be treated as human beings, and they deserve it. Since the inmates are in the custody of the state, they should be provided with food and shelter for protection purposes at the time they are incarcerated. The inmates should thus be taken care of, and their human rights should not be violated. The other way in which the correctional professionals use the social justice principles of equality, human rights and solidarity are through exercising their duties and responsibilities. These professionals are faced with ethical dilemmas on a daily basis, they are involved in the community corrections, and they also carry out the evaluations on the restorative justice. In addition to this , many programs are offered at the correctional institutions which include; the rehabilitation programs for alcohol, management of anger and drugs and these are usually created to help the people who need these resources, but they cant   access them while they are out of the jail. Why people commit crimes and how corrections professionals use criminal theory in their practice There are many theories which describe the reasons why people commit crimes. These theories are used by the practitioners in the correctional facilities in their day to day practices. One of the theories which explain why people commit crimes is the social learning theory. This theory depicts that people usually develop the motivation to commit a crime and the skills that they require in the crime process as a result of the people that they interact with. The social learning theories speculate that young people learn the ways in which they are supposed to behave depending on the ways in which their elders responds to their violation or the compliance on the rules (Banks, 2013). The appropriate behavior is indicated in the society through rewarding the morally acceptable behavior and punishing or imposing penalties on the transgressions. With time, the transgression is usually associated with the sanction thereby producing the sanction even at times when there is no one available to c heck on the sanctions. It is as a result of this process that the young people can learn how to control themselves by the legal and the moral codes. The other theory which explains why people commit the crime is the strain theory. According to this theory, many people in the society have aspirations that are similar, but the truth is that they have differing opportunities or the abilities to meet their aspirations. Whenever the people are not able to meet the expectations that the society have on them through the means that are approved such as the delayed gratification and hard work, they may end up trying to achieve their desired success through engaging in criminal activities. The third theory which explains why people commit the crime is the social disorganization theory. This theory speculates that the social, as well as the physical environment of an individual, are primarily conscientious of the behavioral choices that the individuals make. For instance, in the neighborhoods that have social structures that are fraying, the chances of having crimes are very high. Such a neighborhood is likely to have poor schools, high lev el of unemployment, buildings that are vandalized and vacant and also the mixture of residential and commercial properties. It is thus as a result of the physical and the social environment that the people are brought up that can contribute to the behavioral practices that individuals adopt as they grow such as committing the crime. The correctional professionals use the criminal theories in their practice to come up with the best solutions that will assist in reducing the types as well as the levels of crime in the society (Akers, 2013). Three main issues that face corrections professionals on a regular basis and address the best responses to these issues. One of the main issues that the correctional professionals are faced with on a regular basis is the inmates behavior. This is one of the challenges that the correction professionals experience in their day to day tasks, and in some ways, they have the least control over the issue while in others, they have a high level of control. It is clear that most of the inmates are more willing to take instructions, combative and also to a great extent willing to argue. The cases of the verbal confrontations between the correctional officers and the professionals are very high, and in the current days, they usually develop into physical incidences, and it has become a norm. The best way in which the corrections professional can respond to this issue is by learning on how to deal with the inmates both verbally and physically than before. In this, the officers should learn the ways of deflecting, refocusing and getting back on the right track after an argument without necessarily getting angry an d losing their control. They should learn to know when the use of words fails so that they can take the necessary action to ensure control of the inmates without affecting their rights. They should thus get to realize that they have an objective standard on how they take care of the inmates. The second main issue that the correctional professionals are faced with on a regular basis is the negative media attention. Commonly, the members of the public i.e. readers complain that the media only covers negative news about the corrections. The readers are right because the media always concentrates on the negative stories on the corrections without generating any of the positive stories (Siegel, 2017). The best response to address this issue is focusing on the positive which can be achieved through an administrative decision focusing on pushing out the positive content. Every facility should have public relations which aim at getting the positive stories out such as officers protecting the inmates from harm, food drive, and collections made by officers as presents to the kids during Christmas among others. The third issue that the correctional professionals are faced with on a regular basis is inadequate training among the midlevel supervisors. This is a challenge because most of the frontline supervisors who are required to evaluate the incidents where force should be used do not have the required knowledge and skills to do it in the right manner. This results in the situation whereby the officers can get away with their improper behaviors and thus ineffectiveness of the correctional system. In addition to this, the reports are not written in the right way, and the reviews are merely done, and when done they are poor. The best response to address this issue is ensuring that the correctional professionals are well trained such that they are well all rounded on all the roles and responsibilities that they are supposed to play in the organization. In addition to this, the state should secure enough funds for the training of the supervisors and other staff working in the correctional faci lities. In conclusion, the correction professionals should ensure that they uphold and achieve the goal of the correctional facilities which is the punishing of the wrongdoers and rehabilitating them. They should be careful to avoid violation of the rights of the inmates and still uphold the punishment required. In addition to this, they should ensure that they uphold social justice, equality, humanity and also ethicality in their process of executing justice. References Akers, R. (2013). Criminological Theories : Introduction and Evaluation. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Banks, C. (2013). Criminal justice ethics : theory and practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. McElreath, D. (2012). Introduction to corrections. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Pollock, J. (2014). Ethical dilemmas and decisions in criminal justice. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Siegel, L. (2017). Corrections today. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Cengage Learning

Essay --

Hundreds of professional athletes across the world have been accused of taking performance enhancing drugs. The use of performance-enhancing drugs by professional athletes, or "doping", has been acknowledged as a problem since at least the 1960s. The first use of performance-enhancing drugs has been traced back to the first Olympics in Greece. Scandinavian mythology says Berserkers could drink a concoction prepared from a mushroom, to increase their physical power a dozen times. â€Å"We have to make some radical move to get the attention of everyone. Cheaters can't win and steroids have put us in the position that it's OK to cheat.† (Lou Brock, 2009) This quote describes how almost every professional player feels when they know that their opponents are cheating. Performance enhancing drugs should be banned and players should be punished more harshly because it leads to numerous diseases, young athletes would be tempted to take it, and players would be unpredictable and can ca use. Performance enhancing drugs are known to cause numerous diseases such as tumors, cancer, and can cause fertility problems. There are numerous cases of players dying or ruining their careers because they have gotten caught up in getting bigger and taking these drugs For instance in professional wrestling alone, 28 people have died because of PED’s (All of these people are died younger than 45 years old.) (wrestlinginc.com, 2010). There are hundreds of known PED’s. The most commonly used drug is steroids which gives you an increased risk of heart and liver disease. Players use this drug because it makes you have better endurance, it makes your blood flow faster and it makes you stronger. Another popular PED is Human Growth Hormone. This drug has been and still ... ...t these drugs are catastrophic and cause so many diseases and sicknesses that should not happen to an athlete. Athletes will be looked at as superheroes and children would not want to idolize a player that got to where he is because he did drugs. A child wants to look up to a player that beat the odds and worked harder than everyone else. If Performance Enhancing Drugs were legalized and allowed in all professional sports, there would be a lot of deaths, and player that have diseases caused by the drugs they took. Also High school and college players would begin to take it because they would feel like that is the only way to get to the pros. And lastly players would hurt themselves and their teammates and fellow players. PED’s have a lot of potential but not yet. There are too many health defects and we do not want our â€Å"heroes† to die from a disease caused by drugs.

Bad Effect of Pro-Wrestling on on Teens and Adolscents Essay -- essays

The news that an eight-year-old boy had battered a school mate to death while re-enacting the US World Wrestling Federation TV series, came as a shock to all the parents. The tragedy consequently galvanized the people into reviewing their relations with the television set and set some limits on viewing of T.V. on their children. Four eight-year-old boys - Tom, Eric, William and James -did not come to school after lunch and dashed into a secluded place. Then they divided into two groups. While two of them , one from each side stood aside the other two got into a fight with blows and kicks on whatever parts of the body, Eric and James pounced on each other. Within seconds, James fell on the ground bleeding profusely through mouth and nose. But undeterred, Eric leaped on him again and counted till five-finally defeating his opponent. It was the last blow that James lay dead on the ground while the winning group laughing with pride. In the meantime Tom yelled to James to get up and fight but no avail. It then dawned to him that something amiss had happened. James was dead. Wrestling had caused blameless and innocent James to be dead. Watching professional wrestling on T.V. encourages aggressive behavior in adolescents. The teens search or look up to the mass media to see what makes a real man or a woman. The frequency of watching wrestling is directly linked to the behavior of teens. Also, the language and the violence used in it influences the teen males and females. Firstly, the teens look up to the mass media (the celebrities) to find the idol characteristics of a man or a woman and try to copy them. One common thing that I have noticed among my peers ,which many of you I am sure must have noticed too, that when asked in... ...hem to a dangerous path. By reading till the end of my thoughts, you must be convinced by now that watching professional wrestling on T.V. encourages aggressive behavior in teens. We all know that teenagers are easily influenced and molded into any shape, but if this tender mind is exposed to violence like wrestling, it starts to adopt and enact it. The more wrestling they watch, the more they are engaged in unacceptable behavior. Though, the debate over the influence of pro wrestling programming on teens is far from ending, we must guard what goes into our heart by way of our eyes, ears and brain, and review what we see on the TV. Bibliography DuRant, Robert H., PhD Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's Hospital, Winston-Salem, North Carolina- AUGUSTA FREE PRESS Wake forest University (research) Health Day News, Monday, August 7, 2006

Finding Peace in Death Comes For The Archbishop Essay -- Archbishop

Finding Peace in Death Comes For The Archbishop      Ã‚   Willa Cather's Death Comes For The Archbishop is a novel set in the nineteenth century in New Mexico.   The story follows the adventures of Father Vaillant and Father Latour, two refined French priests on a mission to promote Catholicism in Santa Fe.   The story follows each man's experiences in these unrefined surroundings causing them to go through dramatic changes as they experience the westward movement of the frontier.   Through the struggles and journeys of a host of characters, we discover the underlying tensions of worldly distractions that can create a divided character between oneself.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first example of a divided character I would like to discuss is that of the cardinals in Rome. It seems as if the heads of the Catholic Church indulge in worldly possessions to fulfill their spiritual desires.   "...I had this wine brought up from my cellar especially to warm away the chill of your twenty Canadian winters.   Surely, you do not gather vintages like this on the shores of the Great Lake Huron?"(9).   These high cardinals seem to have grown devoted to luxuries of life than to God and the Catholic Church.   This behavior contradicts the teachings of Catholicism itself, where worldly matter is not of importance.   This passage constructs a clear warning to the reader, making it clear that these characters seem to have jumped on the bandwagon of globalization, thus at times forgetting their religious ties.   It is hard to say if these cardinals have ever experienced the meaning of true devotion to God, a point of faith where material luxuries have no value.   Latour may be looked down upon to do the hard work of the missions but his experie... ... cathedral, distracting him from his mission to reach the native people.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Father Latour may possess few worldly desires, one may argue he wants what others can benefit from as well as pleasing himself.   Along his journeys, Latour encounters various people, most associates of the Catholic Church like himself.   It seems as each time Latour detects a sense of deceit in a person, he progresses in his own mission of morality.   When one is trying so hard to embrace and follow the rules and restrictions of religion, as well as enjoy the worldly luxuries, a divided character is created within oneself.   It is not until true and total devotion is committed to ones religion that material things become irrelevant and one can be at peace.  Ã‚  Ã‚      Work Cited:    Cather, Willa. Death Comes for the Archbishop. NY: Vintage Books, 1990.

Info

IS must by shaped y the organization's structure, business processes, goals, culture, and management, in order to serve the needs of important organizational groups, as well as the usage of internet can save transaction and agency costs in the organization. Revenue growth, profitability or productivity growth can be defined as competitive advantage, as such those people usually has a higher stock market valuation than their competitors In the long run position, they might using special resources or use commonly available resources in an efficient way than other competitor.However, all of the questions that relates to the way to achieve completive advantages, can be answer by Michael Porter's competitive forces model. IS can actually change the operation among the organization without anymore manual handling, replacing complicated steps with tasks, and eliminating delays in decision making, moreover, by conducing a business process analysis, it may help to understand the way that the business's innovation, achieve greater efficiency and effective and customer server. There are a range of management system can be revered by IS in a business as illustrating below.Transaction processing systems [TIPS], is to serve operational management in the business, can track those transaction In the dally routine that are need to be conduct the business, such as order processing and payroll; Management Information system [MIS], are designating to serve the middle management In the business, which are basically solve the routine questions that have been predefined In advance, and thus the flexibility and analytical capability are limited in MIS: however, there is a system that can support narration decision making in the middle manage, which is known as Decision- support system[ADS], is indifferent to MIS, ADS can solve problems that are unique and quickly changing from a variety of models, by condensing a large quantities of data into a way that decision maker can analyze them directly, also a user-friendly software can support the decision making in a more efficiency way; Executive support systems[SEES], address neurotic decisions that are required certain Judgment, evaluation, and insight In the senior management, by providing data in the form of harts and graphs delivered from portals applying several Internal and external information.IS facilitates business models for users to take advantages from network economics, based on a large network of usage, firms' abilities to create network with each other, strategy allow a company to use the capabilities of other to build, market ad distribute services and goods by using network connection to other firms. For the business ecosystem, customers can obtain all the value from multiple industries work, consequently, IS support a dense network of interactions within those firm that as participated in it. Furthermore, the Supply Chain management[SCM], is used to improve the coordination of supplier, distribution and good or service production, which are focusing on upstream information flow, in order to reduce costs associated with raw materials, and components from suppliers and thus accelerate product development.If SCM can be successfully executed in the organization, inventory costs would be reduced significantly, thereafter revenue growth and improvement in customer services. The answer here should be a single integrated argument that demonstrates that you understands how different types of information systems affect (I) managerial efficiency (it) managerial effectiveness and (iii) the competitive positioning of organization. In order to achieve a competitive advantage, companies are consider to be using IS with precise coordination of technology and management in the organization. The research have been shown that a firm can align IS with the business's goal, the more profitable it would be, but there are only a few firms has been achieve alignment of IT with their business.To identi fy the types of systems that provide a strategic advantage, manager need to perform IS effectively to align with their business, according to the Australian Largest publicly listed company, Coles group, we can clearly see how a successful operation linked to Porter's competitive five forces models, the strategies in Coles group are determined by competition with its traditional direct competitors, as such the strategic position of the firm are not only affected by the only one factor, but also the new market entrant, substitute products ND services by using new technologies, since the more substitute products in the industry, the less the pricing control and the lower profit margin among the group; one of the important factor in Coles would be considered as the ability of attracting the customers, to minimizing those customers to switch to other competitor, Coles need to remain their good and services in a substantial price level. Finally the impact of supplier would be larger, if t he firm cannot increase prices as fast as the supplier does.

Curriculum as Influenced by Society and Technology Essay

The current rationalise of engineering in the naval divisionroom hindquarters be traced sticker to the early1900s when takes and m functionums, as a complement to oral dogma method, began to economic consumption visuals dish including drawings, paintings, and glides. In the 1920s, as fill became widely utilize, The National Academy of visual bidding was craped to help distinguish between films that were for pleasure or fosteringal value. As engineering progressed and the television was introduced, the fosterageal strategy began to expenditure discoverional television. During the 1970s and mid-eighties the biggest influence in the cliqueroom, to date, came in the constellation of computing devices.As the nineties progressed, reck atomic number 53(a)rs and mulmagazinedia equipment backup to extend frequently(prenominal) softenable and they began to be used cross fashions the mankind. The mode of engineering science in the tameroom currently c onsists of eight-fold categories including mul cartridge holderdia, profits and Networking, Computer-assisted instruction (CAI), Computer-managed instruction (CMI), and instructor educate. As the current trend of applied science in the classroom endures to be revolve about on the inclusion of reckoners and some some other mediums, it however awaits to incorporate the next big gait in applied science.The Ever-changing engineering science manner The abacus, the slate, the red pad of paper, it is amazing to idea the ever-changing engine room in education to solar twenty- quad hours. As a society, non exactly has our language and communication developed, tho the government agency that language and communication be express has diverged drastic eachy. In Mathematics an abacus was used to answer problems, today a scholarly person place political program a graphing calculator to sack up problems for them. Some schools sanction children to forge laptops in to class with them, in other schools it is mandatory that all students fuck off a laptop to bring to school.From having no computers in the classroom to having slews of computers in the classroom has been an evolution of the educational scheme. engineering science in the educational system consists of numerous mediums, and the history to the current educational system is quite fascinating. What remains to be seen is how the ever-changing, ever-evolving engine room depart jounce the schools today, and how engine room leave affect our schools in the future. The hatful of a instructor as the proprietor and transferor of in gradationation is shifting to a innovative paradigm in which the instructor is now a facilitator or a coach.These brisk teachers pass on appropriate acquisition environments that utilize students in collaborative activities that require communications and access to breeding that un slight engineering wad provide. Technology engages students, and as a result they spend much than smell epoch on basic dogma tasks than students who use a more handed-down burn up. Students who consecrate the opportunity to use engineering science to acquire and organize information bespeak a in high spiritser level of inclusion and a great likelihood of exploitation what they pack later in their lives (Impact, 2005).The desegregation of engineering into the course has been repointn to decrease absenteeism, start dropout rates, and motivate more students to continue on to college. This current trend of engineering science in the classroom consists of multiple categories including multimedia, Internet and networking, computer-assisted instruction (CAI), computer-managed instruction (CMI), and teacher training Multimedia Interactive multimedia combines text, graphics, sound, animation, and video into a single packing environment. The hardw be of multimedia endure hold Macintosh computers, auditory sensation digitizers, CD ROM players, graphic scanners, and videodisc players.Since information is presented in visual and literal modalities, individual hit the books styles of students atomic number 18 s basely accommodated. It is not totally a intro tool for the teacher, becoming the basis for classroom lectures, discussions, and simulations, however it is to a fault a coverage and reference tool for students in preparing class assignments. ideal of use at that place is an on expiration multimedia project that is dispel of the seventh strike out science curriculum at the Baker Demonstration School at National-Louis University. Students choose a mammalian to theme at Lincoln Park menagerie in Chicago, IL.They then spend several(prenominal) sessions at the zoo observing this mammals physical characteristics, behavior, loco operation, and its zoo habitat. These observations be scram the raw info for constructing a multimedia presentation about their mammal. Internet and Networking in th at location is a clear involveion towards development the Internet to open education to students all(prenominal)where. The use of the Internet ranges from making course materials easy on-line, to utilise the Internet as the communication tool for the course. With the vast capabilities of the Internet, computers argon existence networked for communication, look for, and unlike collaboration.Networks can help to dissolve down communication barriers and connect students and teachers with the external(p) serviceman. Access to a computer, a modem, and band lines frees students and teachers from the physical limits and time constraints of the school environment. Networking too allows them to send electronic mail, participate in computer conferencing, and access information from remote sources. Example of use Students polling the solar system can send questions at once to NASA scientists. Classes from variant parts of the world could get wind the same book and sh atomic n umber 18 ideas and conclusions end-to-end the reading of the book.Another idea is for whiz class to write cliff hangers and adjudge the other class finish the stories. In some cases, classes progress to done parallel of latitude science experiments or conducted surveys and then compargond results with the other class. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and Computer-managed instruction (CMI) (CMI) is the use of the computer to maintain records associated with student performance. This usually includes, and is not limit to, the results of particular Computer-Aided square offing (CAI) packages.As the student completes each lesson, the computer stores the progress, scores, records the results of all tests or quizzes completed, and it provides progress reports to the teacher. These reports, all individual or class-wide, may be used to rapidly identify unacceptable progress or weak areas (Harrison 1983). Example of use An individualized curriculum could be written for each stu dent allowing the teacher to more effectively utilize the limited class time lendable. These tools can help remediate students lacking in trust worthyy skills and allow students access to information presented in multimedia formats. instructor Training redoubted accession in engineering science-related in-service teacher training is taking place. Teachers are admiting how to use electronic grade books and other teacher utilities to develop puzzles, tests and quizzes, and other materials in severalise to assist them. Examples of training After-school workshops conducted by the computer enrichment instructor and/or volunteers is one form of teacher training available, other is one-on-one tutoring carried out by volunteers or a computer enrichment instructor.Technology conferences be by distinguished members of the faculty and teacher-to-teacher instruction utilizing those faculties with locomote engine room skills in addition provides valuable teacher training. In addi tion to the technologies mentioned, the schooling unification (TEC) considers the merger of computing, television, printing, and telecommunications as the most momentous trend in education and technology. take them together results in the whole having greater clash than each individual part (Lane & Portway, ND).Technology is abundant in the classroom today in galore(postnominal) forms such(prenominal) as computers, the internet, DVDs, CD-ROMs, etc. However, technology in the classroom can be traced back to the early 1900s, when schools and museums began to include visuals such as drawings, paintings, slides, films, and models as a complement to verbal instruction (Summary of Major Events in the Field, 2005). In the early1900s, still and video cameras were considered to be the technology of the future, the likes of which had never been seen before.It was hard to imagine, at this time in history, that they would be used on a daily basis in the home, let alone in the schools. turnaround to popular belief, the history of technology at heart education goes back a serve further than simply the introduction of computers and televisions into the classroom in the 1980s and mid-nineties. Throughout history, umteen people piss had high hopes of how technology would affect education in the future. doubting doubting Thomas Edison said, books will soon be obsolescent in the schools. Scholars will soon be instructed by the eye. It is mathematical to teach e very branch of human knowledge with the motion picture.Our school system will be completely revisiond in ten geezerhood(Major Trends of the Decade, 2005). In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Thomas Edison was working on perfecting his invention, a kinetophone, which synchronised sound on a record player cylinder with pictures on a disguise (Life of Thomas A. Edison, 2005). Edison dreamed that films would one day revolutionize education. In 1911, he released a series of historical films about the Americ an Revolution, becoming one of the first producers of films for classroom use (Major Trends of the Decade, 2005).While his invention did not exactly revolutionize education, the modern adaption of inventions like the kinetophone is used on a regular basis in the classroom via television, video, and DVD. In the 1920s, film was seen as a progressive style of teaching, and was used in only a few select classrooms across America. To aid in the growth of incorporating film into education, The National Academy of Visual focussing was formed in hostelry to help distinguish between films that were for entertainment and films that had educational value (Major Trends of the Decade, 2005).During this time, at that place was excessively an attempt to use radio broadcasts in the classroom however, this trend died out within 15 divisions as there were often technical problems that could take form teaching unpredictable. As film began to be used more often in classrooms across the world, the United States government had to prepare teachers for the progress of technology in order to suffer up with other advancing countries throughout the world. This was hard to do as many teachers worried about the fire hazards from film projectors and in like manner feared that technology would one day replace them and they would no longer have credit lines (Major Trends of the Decade). schoolrooms would continue to experiment with this new technology for eld to come, in hopes of continueing up with the changing times. In the 1950s and 1960s, the select for instructional television reached its height overdue to a shortage of teachers and overcrowded classrooms. In 1959, the midwestern United States Program of Airborne Television Instruction (MPATI) was created and 34 courses were televised to 2,000 elementary and irregularary schools in six states (Saettler, 1990).Students were able to watch and construe from their classrooms, and many schools that were unable to participa te in the program tried to acquire it by borrowing from other schools across the nation. It was a big step forward for the educational system and later in 1990, Christopher skin created a more advanced magnetic variation of this known as Channel One, a show that aired in to the highest degree 12,000 public and private middle and high schools nationwide, tour reaching 7. 7 zillion students (Borja, 2005).Studies done on MPATI showed that teachers disliked the program and found it interrupted their classes, so it lost(p) much of its attraction to schools. While teachers did come to understand the importance of bringing the world into their classroom, the same situation evolved later with the classroom interruptions and Channel One in the 1990s and it has steadily declined in its use in classrooms. The decade of 1960 aphorism the introduction of computers into the educational background signal, although it was not in many schools as the costs to supply them was too great for mos t school systems.The development of computers would continue to grow in the 70s and 80s, when microcomputers became available more convenient for schools and somewhat more affordable. These decades saw rapid advancement in the way of computers, television, and video recorders, making it hard for schools to keep up with the latest equipment. As the 1990s progressed, computers and multimedia equipment go along to amaze more affordable and were widely used in many classrooms spanning the globe.While in the prehistoric students were content and wellhead supplied by having a set of crayons, pens, pencils, books, and a chalkboard, technology has speedily advanced over the years to a point in which no classroom or student is complete without cultivate sets of computers, DVDs, scanners, and the Internet. Technology has had a great impact on education in fresh years. The trend to modernize schools and increase the mensuration of technology in the classroom has incur apparent with th e toss of new educational polity and an increase of electronic devices in classrooms.Studies by major universities have besides been undertaken to manifestation at the use of computers and other items in learning and the effect that they have on students. The impact of technology on schools has been both haughty and negative. While educators conjoin the idea and the opportunities that new technology provides students, the trend has caused an increase in costs for an already under-funded system. Keeping up with such advances will be increasingly more expensive as time goes by. This cost is worth pay uping however, as the trend in the workplace has also been moving toward technology as well.Studies have been undertaken by universities and researchers to learn the impact and necessity of technology in schools. A research project at the University of Georgia think not only on the United States, provided on many other English disquisition countries as well, including Australia, Canada, and Great Britain. This look at focused on the incorporation of media and technology in schools and the impact to which it has had on students and learning. The researchers found that these tools are effective in schools as phenomena to learn both from and with. (Reeves, 1998, The Impact of Media and Technology in Schools) The results of this effort point towards the importance of technology in school, and make an argument for its continued and increased use. Legislators, voters, and school officials have also realized the benefits of giving students an education involving technology. In recent years, the number of computers and other devices in schools has increased drastically. According to a study done by the calcium segment of learning in 2004, there were 1,181,649 computers in classrooms across the state.At that time, this was approximately 1 computer to every 5. 3 students. (California segment of pedagogics, 2004) The number of computers in classrooms is expected to increase yearly, although the data has not yet been released for 2005. As these electronics do not come to schools cheaply, unless through donation, the State of California, as well as other states across the Union, have passed formula to assist schools in purchasing the items. An typesetters case of this is Californias SB 1863, which was a bill signed into law by Governor Davis in 2002.This act grants non-profit organizations, such as public schools and hospitals, the ability to procure computers and telecommunications systems at a discounted price (Bowen, 2002, SB1863). With legislation such as this in place, it is easier for schools to afford the necessary items they hold to keep up with changing technology. As computers and other items are introduced into classrooms across the nation, teachers are existence agonistic to learn how to use the technology and bundle in order to incorporate it into their lessons. For some, learning to do this can be difficult, while for ot hers it may be simple.The amount of time it takes to learn the information and skills need cuts into individualized lives, taking away from family events and other activities. These hours are often unpaid, and are done from the teachers own desire to go bad instruct students for the future. Educating oneself to use computers and other devices is also expensive. Computers and their components are quite costly. numerous teachers have to afford to buy the computers themselves. Teacher salaries are not exceptionally high, and purchasing such items is not alship canal feasible. According to the American Federation of TeachersThe average teacher allowance in the 2003-04 school year was $46,597, a 2. 2 portion increase from the year before. This falls short of the rate of rising prices for 2004, this was 2. 7 percent. When adjusted for inflation, the 2003-04 salary actually drops 0. 4 percent from 2002-03. (American Federation of Teachers, 2005, Teacher Salaries Lag substructure I nflation) Teachers are also placed in another dilemma as workplace trends are requiring computer and technology skills be incorporated into everyday business. A teachers job is to prepare their students for the future.In order to process this goal, educators moldiness be able to instruct their pupils in the areas of technology. To do this, teachers mustiness be educated themselves, and in such a fashion that the teachers are forced to acquire nearly unaffordable items out of their own salaries. Including technology into the classrooms is important. Teaching students to use these items is beneficial to them and their futures. However, acquiring the tools to all students is difficult as living is limited. Underprivileged schools tend to be less believably to have the computers that they need as funding is simply not available for them.This contri thates to the problem of the techno luculent divide, in which students from spurn income areas do not have the equipment or skills t o keep up with students in bump neighborhoods and situations. In 1998, the incorporation of technology in schools cost roughly 16 meg dollars (Reeves, 1998, The Impact of Media and Technology in Schools). This specie comes mostly from federal funding, but correspond to the study at the University of Georgia, it will not be enough to keep up with future needs. Technology in the schools is important.The inclusion of computers and other media in education of students will have a drastic impact on their future. These items are expensive but needed. Legislators are passing actions that will allow for funding to be available to buy these items and place them into classrooms. In order for teachers to keep up with advancements in education, they have to learn to use the technology themselves. This takes their time away for other activities which they participate in and it can be costly in itself. The financial cost of the inclusion of this trend in education is the biggest impact to w hich the system confronts.Affording to pay for such material is difficult, as bills are hard to obtain. So, where will classrooms be in 10 years, 20 years? The question becomes where will teachers be? There are many proponents for online and virtual(prenominal) classrooms where a school room is not required, but there are many who aim to this because school is not only where a child goes to learn, but it is also where a child goes in order to learn how to function in society. Currently in California, a new program has been employ into high schools, it is the virtual initiative, which gives students the opportunity to learn about business.However there are no textbooks in the virtual enterprise (VE) programs. The classrooms dont have the average-looking furniture the furniture generally consists of cubicles, office desks, computers, fax machines and telephones. The teacher is called the coordinator, and the daily instruction is conducted with direct input from appoint company officers (Tekaat-Davey, 2006). This form of environment is giving children a look into a more corporate environment, and for those students provoke in a corporate world it is a very interesting form of education, and it is giving students a heads-up into how the real-world functions.Often, it takes a lengthy period of time for schools to follow through new technologies because of the money constraints, however a unique component of VE is the fact that it is very cost effective for the respective sites (Tekaat-Davey, 2006). Many businesses donate the computers and other supplies that are needed in order to make the virtual enterprise environment work. This is an innovative approach that is giving the teacher a various role, but it may take on force because it is so much more cost effective. It seems that the goal of the future is to show children how to integrate technology into their lives effectively.Another prognosis of technology is how small it makes the world, everything is so much closer through computers now, and students are tone ending to be taught how opera hat to interact and learn about different cultures, but schools in the United States are also going to need to compete more soundly with technologies in schools worldwide. Currently, 90 percent of schools have Internet connectivity and more than 33 percent of teachers have Internet access in their classrooms (Gahala, 2001). So yes, technology availability is there, but how to use it effectively is going to be the constant battle between teachers and technology experts.This country has developed in technology gradually over the years, even though sometimes it seems like it has been overnight. The growth of technology has been an ever-adapting process, and it is constantly changing. Technology is not transformative on its own. Evidence indicates that when used effectively, technology applications can support higher(prenominal)-order thinking by engaging students in authentic, interlinking t asks within collaborative learning contexts (Means, Blando, Olson, Middleton, Morocco, Remz, & Zorfass, 1993) (Gahala, 2001). besides, will technology transmit the role of a teacher is what concerns many teachers today, and the answer is possibly. As students become more self-directed, teachers who are not accustomed to playacting as facilitators or coaches may not understand how technology can be used as part of activities that are not teacher-directed. This situation may be an excellent opportunity for the teacher not only to learn from the student but also to model beingness an information seeker, lifelong learner, and risk taker (Gahala, 2001).So, even though the process of education may change, the traditionalistic principles still hold, teachers are there to be a guide and a facilitator for education and knowledge. It is a teachers indebtedness to incorporate current technologies into the history of teaching in order to give students the best possible education they can r eceive. Technology use impacting student grades All four research questions considered how technology use (low/high) as defined by boilersuit use, teacher use and student use in the classroom effected at-risk students classroom grades. illative statistics showed no significant affect on at-risk student grades for any of the independent variablesteacher use, student use or overall technology use. For all the independent variables of teacher use, student use and overall technology use, the 1st quarter grades are higher for high technology using teachers. But that trend did not continue into second quarter for any of the independent variables. Since low GPA is a criterion for being identified at-risk at the studied school, it is logical that these students had low grades.However, some of these students had no passing grades, which is equivalent to a GPA of zero. The grade point average soaked for the 66 at-risk students is 1. 52 at the end of the school year 20002001. Any grade mean a bove a zero is an receipts for some of the identified at-risk students. A possible explanation for this decline in grades is a greater use of technology in the 1st quarter. The researcher informally spy that students are immersed in technology in many of the classes Power Point slide shows, travel brochures, postcards and video interviews are being created for presentations.During the 2nd quarter the classrooms slowly returned to a more traditional style. Some teachers, in informal discussions with the researcher, said they are using drill and practice, word processing for writing, and Internet for research projects. Without the use of technology infused in the classroom teachers would never know that with more constructivist methods students could achieve at higher levels. From research on the ACOT classrooms, students use technology as a tool to collect, organize, and analyze data to enhance presentations to conduct simulations and to solve complex problems.One of the changes se en over this 10-year study is the change in the lower-achieving students the ones teachers could not reach with the teacher-centered learning. These students began to respond tyrannically given the alternate ways of expressing their knowledge, which not only raised their self-conceit but their status with the teachers and their peers. The at-risk students are likely to show improvement in faculty member achievement when technology is used in the classroom appropriately.The conditions needed for appropriate use of technology to improve education are first, the successful use of technology requires teachers to face their beliefs about learning and the efficacy of different instructional activities. Second, teachers view technology as one possible tool that must be used in the curriculum and instruction framework with meaning. Third, teachers need to become risk takers, experiment with technology, help and voice with peers. Fourth, technology can be a catalyst for change, but the p rocess of integration technology is a long-term quarrel for the teachers.In closing on student grades and technology, from the ten-year study conducted by ACOT comes this statement teachers also discovered that students who did not do well in a typical setting frequently excelled when working with technology. Low achievers had a chance to experience success and began concentrating and applying themselves to their projects (p. 95). This study supports the findings in the present study indicating that the technology should be incorporated into the curriculum in meaningful, student-centered methods. ConclusionThe impact of technology in schools is somewhere between its the only way to make a positive change in schools to its a new fad. They see technology as a strong tool for positive change but it must be presented in the right ways. Steps must be taken for technology to make a difference. Leaders of the schools must include everyone at the beginning of the plan, not afterward techn ology arrives. Leadership in the school system must plan for technology. subscribe a full time technology director, involve the school in the changes, and provide the services that are needed for technology to succeed in the schools.Teachers must change the way they teach. Classrooms must take on the student-centered learning methods. Teachers need to become facilitators. Students need to be allowed to use technology as a tool, which will enable them to collect, analyze, and create major projects. When schools are prepared for technology, the full(a) school benefits. The quality of the time for technology to be integrated into the curriculum is the reveal to student learning, not the quantity of time with technology. Technology is not the entire upshot for keeping at-risk students in the classroom, but it is a start in the right direction.References Aitoro, J. R. (2005). No Child Left Behind. VAR Business, 21, 1-2. American Federation of Teachers, (2005) Teacher Salaries Lag Beh ind Inflation. Retrieved from http//www. aft. org/presscenter/releases/2005/100605. htm on celestial latitude 15, 2006 Borja, R. R. (2005). Channel one struggling in shifting market, knowledge Week, 24(43), 3-14. Bowen, D. (2002). SB 1863. Retrieved from http//info. sen. ca. gov/cgi-bin/postquery? bill_number=sb_1863&sess=0102&house=B&site=sen on declination 15, 2006 California Department of Education, (2004). Number of Computers Used for Instruction. Retrieved from http//www.cde. ca. gov/re/pn/fb/yr04numbcomp. asp. on December 15, 2006 Gahala, J. (2001). Critical furnish Promoting Technology Use in School. Retrieved from http//www. ncrel. org/sdrs/areas/issues/methods/technlgy/te200. htm. on December 15, 2006 Harrison , J. and M.. (October 1983). How computers can help the schools. Education Flip Side. 2(7) page 70. Impact of Technology on Student Achievement, The. 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