Osteoarthritis - 1621 Words

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of movement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoarthritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening of the bone, like Pagets disease in which the long bones of the body curve like a bow, or osteoporosis with its bowing of the shoulder called dowagers hump, or the breakdown of other bones. Other forms of arthritis can also cause a secondary osteoarthritis.†¦show more content†¦This constricted field increases the awkwardness of the persons manner of walking. Despite this disability, function is usually good except for fatigue. Sometimes the heart, stomach, and kidneys can be affected by abnormal po sture. Stills disease is the other kind of inflammatory arthritis. It is often called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. It is not a young form of rheumatoid arthritis, but it is an inflammatory arthritis of juveniles. Stills disease is a rare disease that can affect children to the age of 16, affecting the growth of the limbs so that normal length in one or both legs may not be achieved. It also can cause eye disease and even blindness. Although usually classified as an inflammatory arthritis, Stills disease may also be considered an infective arthritis because it is usually secondary to infections like leukemia, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, and other diseases. Osteoarthritis of the spine is called Spondylosis. The joints degenerate and the weight of the body is supported incorrectly. Bacterial infective arthritis is an infective arthritis. A deep wound that penetrates a joint is a direct source of bacterial infection. But usually the infection is elsewhere, in a cut or abscessed teeth or boils, in a sickness caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, or Proteus bacteria. The arthritis these cause is accompanied by high fever and chills. Gonorrhea, a sexuallyShow MoreRelatedOverview of Osteoarthritis Essay2526 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction OA is a musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic joint pain and reduced physical functioning (Laba, brien, Fransen, jan, 2013). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory disorder of synovial joints that results in loss of hyaline cartilage and remodeling of surrounding bone. OA is the single most common joint disease, with an estimated prevalence of 60% in men and 70% in women later in life after the age of 65 years, affecting an estimated 40 million people in the United StatesRead MoreOsteoarthritis : A Degenerative Arthritis1631 Words   |  7 PagesOsteoarthritis is a degenerative arthritis, a condition in which joint cartilage degenerates or breaks down. New tissue, which grows at the ends of bones, now has no cartilage cap to control it. Instead, this new bone forms into strange lips and spurs that grind and grate and get in the way of movement of the joint. Osteoarthritis is common in older people after years of wear-and-tear that thin the cartilage and the bones. Osteoart hritis can also result from diseases in which there is softening ofRead MoreOsteoarthritis of the Knee in Athletes1637 Words   |  6 Pages Osteoarthritis of the Knee in Athletes Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is an endemic condition that affects 20 million people in the United States alone. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and is defined as a gradual process of destruction and degeneration or wearing away of the joint cartilage which typically occurs in the older individual age 50 and over (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-overview#a0101). . Although this diease is well knownRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Osteoarthritis1506 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Osteoarthritis, believed to have a genetic cause or predisposition, is caused by wear or tear on a joint (Rosdahl, 2012, p. 1235). There are many different types of musculoskeletal diseases one of them being osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is one type of arthritis, and arthritis is basically when the joints in the human body are inflamed. In the first paragraph the anatomy, physiology, and the description of osteoarthritis. The next will be about wh at the signs and symptoms of the disease and theRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Osteoarthritis1740 Words   |  7 PagesOsteoarthritis has been known to cause severe pain through aching joints in various areas of the body. With this being said, most people nowadays turn to their prescribed drugs for everything; probably forgetting that these drugs have side effects that can harm you while curing that certain illness. There is one cure I know for sure that will assist in the most positive way. I’m going to tell you exactly how exercise is beneficial to those who are dealing with Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is aRead MoreThe Anatomy And Pathophysiology And Treatment Of Osteoarthritis1885 Words   |  8 Pagesdisorder is a condition that leads to progressive loss of function. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of degenerative disease and its prevalence is significantly increasing. According to Block and Scanzello (2016) says in next 2030, there will be 67 million people affected with osteoarthritis, as the global population age in united states. This topic has been chosen for discussion because population ages are increasing and osteoarthritis negatively impact onto their daily activities and social lifeRead MoreThumb Osteoarthritis Treatment Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesThumb osteoarthritis treatment aims at preventing the further degeneration of the articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition affecting the joints. Any joint of the body can be affected including the thumb. Thumb osteoarthritis is more common in women compared to men. Usually, thumb osteoarthritis develops after the age of 40. Thumb osteoarthritis mainly affects the joints at the thumb base, the fleshy part of thumb and near the wrist. However, the trapeziometacarpal joint (alsoRead MoreEssay about Osteoarthritis and the Ideal Treatment3188 Words   |  13 PagesOsteoarthritis and the Ideal Treatment Osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease, is a form of arthritis characterized by the breakdown of cartilage within joints. Cartilage serves to provide cushion at the ends of bones, and when the cushion is not sufficient, as in osteoarthritis, the bones rub together. As a result, osteoarthritis sufferers are constantly plagued by stiff, swollen, and inflamed joints (http://www.arthritis.org/answers/diseasecenter/oa.asp). It is a relativelyRead MoreA Article About The Degenerative Joint Disease ( Djd ) Or Osteoarthritis1361 Words   |  6 PagesDegenerative Joint Disease (DJD) or osteoarthritis, which is the most common destructive joint disease and causes of chronic disability in human beings. Osteoarthritis is often caused by aging, frequent use of knee joints or obesity. People with osteoarthritis are normally treated by glucosamine. On the other hand, alendronate is used to treat osteoporosis. People with osteoporosis will have brittle or fragile bones due to deficie ncy in calcium or vitamin D. As both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis have higherRead MoreA Brief Note On Degenerative Joint Disease Commonly Known As Osteoarthritis ( Oa )1723 Words   |  7 PagesHLTH 317 – Osteoarthritis Samuel McCaffrey 43671462 (Word Count=1508) Introduction Degenerative joint disease commonly known as Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder that occurs due to a process of wear and tear in joints. In healthy joints the ends of the bone are covered by cartilage preventing the bone from rubbing together and protected by a joint capsule, which produces synovial fluid. The process of OA results in wearing away of the cartilage, growth of osteophytes and joint capsule breakdown

The Omnivore’s Dilemma - 1736 Words

9/15/11 A Well Argued and Impractical Idea In the book, The Omnivore’s Dilemma, by Michael Pollan, Pollan introduces some very interesting ideas and positions relating to the how and what we eat. Pollan poses the questions: Is America eating the right kind of food? Is what we are eating healthy? And, where is our food coming from, how is it treated, and what is in the food we eat? Throughout the book Pollan places his own argument alongside the answers to these questions. He moves the reader to reflect on the evidence presented about eating organic foods rather than processed foods. Pollan also puts forth a compelling, and strong argument that contains ideas, like food is of higher quality and has better taste when it is not†¦show more content†¦Pollan accompanied Salatin on Polyface Farm’s weekly delivery runs and was able to talk to some of the cooks and chefs that Polyface supplies. On the delivery run, Pollan noticed, â€Å"the chefs had uniformly high praise for the quality of Polyface pro duce (251). When asked about the difference in the eggs between Polyface and the supermarket, one chef replied, â€Å"The difference is night and day—the color and richness and fat content. †¦ I always have to adjust my recipes for these eggs—you never need as many as they call for† (252). There is testimonial proof that Polyface Farms generates a quality product that is superior to that of the local supermarket. Salatin’s brother illustrates the quality of his product, â€Å"he’d crack one right into the palm of his hand, and flip the yolk back and forth from one hand to another to demonstrate its integrity† (252). Salatin claims that his product is better than that of industrial produce because his farm is as he refers to it, â€Å"beyond organic† (132). Meaning to truly develop a high quality meat product you can’t feed the animals industrialized corn and expect them to stand in feed lots or be confined to a cage t heir entire life. To truly produce food that is the best possible quality for you, the animals need to be raised the old fashioned way. Feed them what they are naturally meant to eat and give themShow MoreRelatedSummary of the Omnivores Dilemma1336 Words   |  6 Pages[in  press,  Human  Ethology  Bulletin,  October  2007]   The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals By  Michael  Pollan      Penguin  Press,  New  York,  NY.  2006,  450pp.  ISBN  1†59420†082†3  [Hdbk.,  $26.95]   Reviewed by William F. McKibbin and Todd K. Shackelford Florida Atlantic University, Dept. of Psychology, Davie, FL 33314 USA [E-mail: wmckibbi@fau.edu, tshackel@fau.edu] The  Omnivore’s  Dilemma  is  the  latest  book  by  Michael  Pollan,  best  known  for  his  previous  best† selling  work,  The  Botany  of  DesireRead MoreTaking a Look at the Omnivores Dilemma1267 Words   |  5 PagesWhat am I exactly eating? Where does our food come from? Why should I care? â€Å"The Omnivore’s Dilemma† may forever change the way you think about food. I enjoyed Mr. Pollan’s book, â€Å"The Omnivore’s Dilemma† and learned a great deal of information. Pollan’s book is a plea for us to stop and think for a moment about our whole process of eating. Pollan sets out to corn fields and natural farms, goes hunting and foraging, all in the name of coming to terms with where food really comes from in modern AmericaRead MoreOmnivores Dilemma Book Report2486 Words   |  10 PagesOmnivore s Dilemma Book Report I chose Omnivore s Dilemma for various reasons, one being to learn more about current food issues within our economy, ecosystem, and environment; and two, to learn more so I am not a hypocrite to my beliefs. My entire life I have grown up learning and practicing sustainable mannerisms. Learning to turn off the water while I brushed my teeth, using reusable tupperware and grocery bags, and not idling are a few of the many practices I was taught. I spent my middleRead MoreThe Omnivores Dilemma by Michael Pollen861 Words   |  4 PagesOmnivores’ Dilemma Rhetorical Analysis In The Omnivores’ Dilemma Michael Pollen’s objective is address, educate and convince the reader by analyzing our diets. He mentions we have become oblivious to what we are eating. Sometimes we wonder where our food comes from, and what ingredients are in it. Pollan states, â€Å"we would rather eat in ignorance†(11). The underlying message here is if people know what they are eating, they might not be able to eat comfortably again. Pollan uses this message to gainRead MoreOmnivores Dilemma1260 Words   |  5 PagesOmnivores Dilemma In the book Omnivores Dilemma, author Michael Pollan explains the many deficits that he perceives in the ways in which food is distributed in the United States of America. Pollans harshest criticisms are aimed at the food production companies and the ways in which they have bastardized the natural system of food production and turned it into a system which is dependent on fossil fuels; specifically the way that processed corn has become a staple of food products includingRead MoreThe Omnivore s Dilemma By Michael Pollan1412 Words   |  6 PagesHow much do you think about the food you choose to eat? In The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan weaves through personal anecdotes, scientific studies, and thought-provoking questions about ethics and the human condition in order to force readers to think more critically about their meals. The book’s overarching theme, addressed directly and indirectly over and over again, is that America is afflicted with a â€Å"national ea ting disorder.† As omnivores and citizens of a highly developed nation, we areRead More The Change in Food Production in Pollan’s The Ominvore’s Dilemma1320 Words   |  6 PagesOminvore’s Dilemma, he showcases the transformative nature of food production throughout the years, by emphasizing the commercialization and industrialization aspects of this continual food evolution. Though Pollan expresses his opinions on modern-day methods of food production and categorization of these means of production, he experiences the dilemma that is commonly faced by many individuals in this day and age. Therefore, he undergoes the endeavor to find the solution to this national dilemma. HeRead MoreAbstarct. This Paper Will Review And Discuss Michael Pollan’S1444 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma, A Natural History of Four Meals, which was named a New York Times best seller. Michael holds the prestigious title of the John S. and James L. Knight Professor of Journalism at Berkeley, as well as being a contributor to the New York Times Magazine. He also has the distinction of being named one of the one hundred most influential people in the world by Time magazine. The author will discuss the book, its references to the omnivores dilemma, but most importantlyRead MoreEssay on Local Food vs Globalization1326 Words   |  6 Pagesproducts becomes available on the Internet and in other publishing forms in the last few decades. However, it does not mean that reliable connections are established between producers and consumers by it. According to Michael Pollan who writes The Omnivore’s Dilemma, what organic supermarket s, such as Whole Foods, sales is a â€Å"pastoral narrative† (137). They intend to satisfy â€Å"some of our deepest, oldest longings, not merely for safe food, but for a connection to the earth and to the handful of domesticatedRead MoreThe Omnivore s Dilemma By Michael Pollan1423 Words   |  6 Pagesfermentation of food. It is usually a safe practice, and also produces vitamins in the making. The Omnivore s Dilemma by Michael Pollan expresses the problem of how humans select food. In How Do We Choose What to Eat? by Susan Bowerman she points out the influences on people’s life that affects their eating habits. By using Bowerman’s article as the keystone, Nature’s Spoils and The Omnivore’s Dilemma can be compared and contrasted. Since the food that people consume daily can affect them in the future

Leadership Styles in Corporate Social Responsibility †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Styles in Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction An organisation is made up of a large set of employees who work together to attain the organisational goals. This study will highlight the role of leadership of different leaders in meeting the organisational objectives. Leadership is a critical thing in terms of organisational success that underpins both theoretical and practical knowledge of the leaders. Leaders need to have critical thinking spirit, risk-taking ability and decision-making capability in order to make the organisational successful, motivate the employees and productivity of the organisation. In this report, in the first part, three Australian CEO's role in leadership will be analysed with setting the examples. In the later part, their leadership in work-related environment and their effectiveness in organisations will be discussed. Thereafter, a critical aspect of leadership with comparing and contrasting their roles will be analysed. This study is intended to highlight the organisational issue of one of the leaders . In the final section, recommendations will be made in terms of improvement of leadership effectiveness. Alan Joyce has been Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Qantas Group since the time of 2008. He has done graduation in Applied Science (Physics, Maths) and then he completed MSc. He has a degree in M, FTSE and FRAeS. He was born in the year 1996 in the suburb of Dublin. He was a student of Royal Aeronautical Society. Joyce made a huge transformation in Qantas Airlines and the organisation saw the best financial performance in the year 2016 almost after 96 years in employee engagement and customer satisfaction. Qantas was privatised in the year 1995 and the organisation started its diversification of Loyalty business. Joyce served previously as CEO in Jetstar almost for five years and within Jetstar, Joyce started its operation in Asia and Australia. Before Jetstar, he employed in Qantas, Aer Lingus and Ansett (Afr.com, 2017) [Financial Review Australia]. He saw renewed growth of Qantas in international market and renewal of fleet with more than 150 aircraft. Apart from t his, Alan Joyce is world's most influential gay business leader. Andrew (Andy) Penn is CEO of Telstra and Penn was announced as CEO of Telstra after David Thodey in 2015. At first, Penn was CFO of Telstra and then he became CEO. Penn has 30 years of experience in executive before joining to Telstra. Penn is from the UK and then he moved to Australia in the year 1992. He did his MBA from Kingston University and he also did FCCA from Harvard Business School. Before joining in Telstra, Penn served in National Mutual and this organisation later merged to AXA. He became the CEO of AXA Asia Pacific and Penn became one of the seven directors of AXA. However, Penn's leadership is not happy hours for Telstra as investors cannot trust Penn and former CEO Thodey negotiated with investors. Moreover, Penn cut the dividend and he failed to communicate with the market (Thewest.com.au, 2017) [The West Australian Newspaper]. Penn has contributed to not-for-profit causes and community affairs. Penn has a passion for Visual Arts. Bradford Banducci, CEO of Woolworths Bradford Banducci is the CEO of Woolworths Ltd and he has been CEO of Woolworths since 2016 February. Before joining to Woolworths, he has been Managing Director of Australian Food and Liquor sector of Woolworths during the time of 2015-16. He has done LLB from the University of KwaZulu-Natal and he also has Bachelor's Degree in Commerce from the same university. He is the board members of Woolworths Ltd and he was Board Member of Gage roads Brewing Ltd during 2012-2015. In a previous time, Banducci was a sewing salesman in South Africa and Woolworths recruited Banducci as CEO when the organisation has been into the loss of market sales and momentum in supermarkets. Banduccis performance in managing director of the liquor business and his leadership style allured the board of directors and made him CEO of Woolworths (Afr.com, 2017) [Australia Financial Review]. Alan Joyce is one of the highest profile leaders in Australia and he has to take a tough decision in his leadership. In the year 2011, Joyce had to face the backlash of the public in grounding the airline and during his time, airlines saw the worst loss. However, Qantas is now one of the most profitable airlines in the world and it is possible because of Joyce's gutsy decision; however, these decisions came later. Andrew Penn is ambitious by heart and he can set the priorities for the organisation. In a previous time, David Thodey was a participative leader and Penn has been reshaping the leadership. Penn's decisions are mainly short-term and in order to reshape the board of members, he mainly uses the strategy of creating a new position and appoints senior executives of the reputed company (Thewest.com.au, 2017). Banducci was appointed CEO of Woolworth in March 2015 and he joined Woolworths after the acquisition of Callermasters, a retail company of wine. He was an executive officer in Callermasters. The first work of Banducci did be to manage the stores of Woolworths and products that it offers. Banducci unveiled then his desire of aspiration with a long-term target of sales growth at least up to 4%. The cross-cultural issue is prevalent in Woolworths stores and Banducci tried to engage the employees by providing training in order to satisfy customers as last four consecutive financial years, liquor sales fell down. Banducci clarified that supermarket sales affected because of Chinese import laws. He holds the final responsibility in delegating the authority and he determines the work discussing with management (Afr.com, 2017). How the leaders describe their conceptualisation of leadership Alan Joyce had a challenging start in the beginning and Joyce showed classic leadership style who had greater communication, decisiveness, team working and accountability. In order to have results, he took the decisions in the later period, not instantly. Joyce had a long-term goal and he has been ambitious. Joyce wanted to keep the heritage of Qantas and his leadership style can be conceptualised as a strategic leadership style. As stated by (), strategic leadership style is about keeping eyes at all levels and this type of leader is a high performance leader. They create high-performance team, life and organisation with their strategies. Joyce tried to fill the gap between practicality and possibility by setting the habits of the employees. Telstra's Penn uses the leadership style of team leadership as he tries to make an experienced team for running the organisation effectively. Telstra's new team is full of experienced executives from Microsoft, Nokia and others. As pointed out by Clarke (2013), team leadership impacts on the vivid picture of the bigger frame of the organisation, vision of the team leaders are clear and they inspire the team members. Penn provides a strong goal and sense of direction and purpose. Woolworths' CEO Banducci believes in democratic leadership as he always has interests in involving subordinates in working. Woolworths is a supermarket and engaging a huge number of employees is tough and he determines the positions of the employees. The communication of Woolworths is upward and also downward. As stated by Ross et al., (2014), democratic leadership style provides fairness, creativity, competence, intelligence and courage of the leaders. How each leader conceptualises success through their leadership Joyce has a visionary mind and his team has also a vision. He set the target for the team and his team and strategies tried to achieve these. His essence of strategic leadership is about having a direction, strategy, vision and compatible team. Moreover, Joyce believes in creating a diverse team as unless the team is diverse, the focus of the team would be narrowed down. Joyce has big ideas and he does not want to make these ideas stifled. He always documented risks and makes a mitigation actions by contingency plan. Without taking a calculated risk, no organisation can gain success. Penn's working behind the Telstra's success is important and it gave breathing space for the management. Penn made the corporate culture of Telstra from arrogant to responsive and personality change of management and employees is a sure success of Penn (Thewest.com.au, 2017). Penn brought technological change in making a communication to customers, in this way, Telstra's business started to shine. Embracing the sentiments of the customers, governments and regulators gave the success to Penn and Telstra. Woolworths has been facing the issues of loss of market share and employee engagement. However, rivalry with Coles makes another loss of customers. Woolworth is making the mistake; however, he learned from the mistake and cleaned up the mistakes. He followed the similar practices of other retails and focus on what he does not know about the organisation. Banducci is a collaborative, open and honest leader and he never bullies the employees and he is trying to be self-made. Satisfying organisational demands for leaders think about to propose that taking the point of view of both the leaders and supporters are similarly vital for compelling initiative improvement. In the event that a leader can't or unmotivated to build up, an improvement program, paying little respect to quality or length, will be ineffective. Moreover, the Visionary factor is the most important feature in leadership. In talking about leaders, the first thing that comes to mind is someone with an exceptional, extraordinary idea. The visionary leader is considered to focus on the long term. A visionary leader is someone with a great prospect. This type of leader isn't that much of a person who constantly tells everyone what to do. The visionary creates a clear image, and tells the people where they are heading, but don't command them how to get there (Du et al., 2013). Joyce demonstrated his financial decision-making capability in making the business profitable. Joyce is courageous and h e managed the airlines and unions with a successful strategy. Joyce did not think of resigning when the airline saw the loss of 2.8 billion AUD in the year 2014 (Giltinane, 2013). In addition, Joyce let the team members ask questions and Joyce thinks these questions open up the opportunity and helps to make a strategy. Joyce gave Qantas what the management and board of members expected from him and he always involves himself in strategic thinking. Joyce has been trying to make strong management and this management is healthy and it is significantly productive. Joyce tries to make capable workforce through employing training and development. Soft-spoken employees with good communication skills of the employees bring out the profitability. Joyce looks into the financial management as he regulated investment with growth. Moreover, it is important to understand the adherent desires, responses toward the leader all through the improvement procedure, and what endeavours can be set up to create solid followership. Employee's desires and responses are not just pointers of a leader's prosperity or disappointment however they can likewise impact a leader's future advancement. This proposes administration isn't just about the leader, however, is shared and conveyed because of communications between the leader and others. Despite the strategy utilized, look into indicates successful authority advancement requires. This approach means there is very little guidance. Followers have complete freedom to make decisions (Nahavandi, 2016). These leaders have the chance to work with experts and high-skilled people and in every other situation. The type of powerful people who can lead people in the right direction when they are working with experts Penn has faced a crisis in managing the profit for the organisation, mo reover, Penn drove the higher customer satisfaction and lower the costs of the products to increase profit. Penn's leadership concept is a combination of heart and mind and he recognises the teamwork must involve cooperative leadership. Telstra has been through most important corporate transformation and Penns confident and logical work made improvement for Telstra. Telstra changed the culture of corporate life and the organisation was trying to make itself a contender in the competitive market. Penn and his predecessor tried to disrupt the status quo and made innovation redefining the organisational purposes. Affiliative leadership is all about bonding. Making people feel good and appreciated is the most important objective. Results or performance are not the main focus. Shockley-Zalabak, (2014), still convinced the affiliative type of leader is just some made up, idealistic person. Banducci tried to provide better customer experiences by engaging employees through training. Delivering in-store experiences to the customers is needed and Banducci provided this. The employees like the democratic leadership style as they can convey their message to the CEO. Identification of an organisational issue facing Alan Joyce and application of leadership research to suggestions made to resolve the issue Qantas has been facing the issue of managing the workforce and Joyce wants to rebuild the relations after the disputes with the workforce. Qantas' stakeholders are passengers, government and workforce, however, workforce's decisions impact on the management of Qantas. British Airways has been facing the issues of long industrial relations with many of flight attendants. In before time, Joyce had to sack 5000 employees and he had to consider the interest of workforce stakeholder (Afr.com, 2017). Some applauded the tactic of Joyce and this quick victory will not work in the long run as Qantas has to survive in the competitive market. Qantas share price has fallen down and on that time Joyce's pay increased a significant high. Workforces of Qantas have not been working that would help the management to meet the organisational goals. Moreover, the team working structure is not working within the organisation. Moreover, the Qantas has been facing the issue of the economic downturn. Joyce follows mainly strategic leadership styles and this kind of leaders tries to set the prescriptive set of habits to the team members to follow. In order to keep them free from workforce crisis and rebuild the relations of the workforce, Joyce could increase the pay of the workforce as he had increased his own pay. This strategy is different from what he used to take; however, it would bring fairness, trust, fairness and democracy within the organisation. The success of a company relies heavily on the employees. The coaching type of leadership makes employees better is crucial, even necessary to ameliorate the company. The coaching type of leader tries to identify the strengths and the weaknesses of their team members. Doing this requires a high-level empathy and good psychological insight. More important, making other people better and it is a feedback mechanism that works in both ways. Joyce could take the strategy of the development strategy of training and team building within the organisation could give the organisation a better workforce. The concept of work together' could work for Qantas in this scenario, as the organ isation has been facing an economic problem, Joyce needs to listen to the voice of workforce. Joyce could convene joint working party and develop a strategy of workforce engagement would give benefit as Qantas employees have to work directly with the customers. Essence is one of the qualities of a leader and Joyce needs to put values and emotional characteristics within his leadership and that would work for him. Employees are felt compelled with the one who has a commitment towards organisation and who has energy. A Strong essence of leadership makes employees engage to the organisation. As opined by Kirkman Harris (2017). Essence is the decisions, behaviours and actions of the leaders that express the qualities of leadership. Most importantly, a key aspect of the success of Joyce depends on consistency and commanding behaviour can bring out engagement also. Their authority depends on orders, the threat of disciplinary action, and tight control, maybe it is in certain situations. For example, the company is in a crisis. Being the laissez-faire leader or being super-visionary probably won't get the company to anywhere (Hoch Kozlowski, 2014). In these situations, management needs someone who knows what to do and who renders authority. Joyce could learn from other airlines also, in this scenario, Southwest airline will be the best as the size and volume it is similar to Qantas and Southwest treats the workforce as source of value. Drawing conclusions from the research and make suitable recommendations Leadership qualities are important for an organisation to hold the success. First of all, Alan Joyce has a simple issue, he feels excited whenever he gets any new idea. He feels that he has resources to offer any solutions. He seems to observe forward and the plan will definitely work out. However, the story is not the same. His strategic leadership style has not been working in recent time and he could take participative leadership style as it gives the benefits to ask the answers from employees also. The staff of the organisation can give their valuable decisions in participative leadership (LaMagdeleine, 2016). Staffs can highlight the prominent issue and the majority of votes of the employees will judge the course of action. Alan Joyce has to lead an experienced team; it could be a one-to-one team and inspire the individuals to do the work effectively. He needs to sow the empathy as it is part of high emotional intelligence. In addition, in case of Andrew Penn, he believes in mak ing the experienced team, in this regard, he could follow leading others within a team. The skills needs for this are goal setting, communication and delegating. Communication is important and clear communication brings transparency and people can discuss and negotiate. Lastly, Banducci has to manage a team of retail enterprise and the number of retail employees is high. In this regard, democratic leadership style is appropriate and leading a perfect work culture is very important. Banduccis selected work culture engages the employees and he likes to lead the employees by examples and his demeanour impact the team members. Most of the leaders spend time in their career as executives and they follow the vision of their peers. In order to be attentive and goal focus, the leaders need to make good relationship with all levels of employees. effective communication can build rapport with employees. Direct interaction cannot be made by the CEO of an organisation, however, in order to make productive of human capital, the mentorship is important. The leaders can speak in front of others and listen to the voice of the employees. Leaders should do something constructive and mentor the employees. Expecting and acting on accountability Leaders must make expectations from the employees and they need to take accountability of the requirements. Team leaders need to set the objectives from the very beginning and instruct the employees to work on those principles. Spending on personal accountability, budgeting and valuable time make difference within the organisation. Organisation's mission statement encapsulates the values of the organisation and the leaders must bring these values to life through their style, speaking, working culture and actions. Values like integrity, honesty, communication and capability make a huge impact on the morale of the employees. Reference List Andy Penn. (2017).The West Australian. Retrieved 1 October 2017, from https://thewest.com.au/business/andy-penn-ng-ya-253383 Aritz, J., Walker, R. C. (2014). Leadership styles in multicultural groups: Americans and East Asians working together.International Journal of Business Communication,51(1), 72-92. Clarke, S. (2013). Safety leadership: A meta?analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,86(1), 22-49. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A., Sen, S. (2013). The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), 155-169. Giltinane, C. L. (2013). Leadership styles and theories.Nursing Standard,27(41), 35-39. Hoch, J. E., Kozlowski, S. W. (2014). Leading virtual teams: Hierarchical leadership, structural supports, and shared team leadership.Journal of applied psychology,99(3), 390. Kirkman, B. L., Harris, T. B. (2017).3D Team Leadership: A New Approach for Complex Teams. Stanford University Press. LaMagdeleine, D. R. (2016).The Leadership Imagination: An Introduction to Taxonomic Leadership Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Sydney: Pearson. Ross, E. J., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Click, E. R., Krouse, H. J., Clavelle, J. T. (2014). Transformational leadership practices of nurse leaders in professional nursing associations.Journal of Nursing Administration,44(4), 201-206. Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2014).Fundamentals of organizational communication. Sydney: Pearson. True Leaders 2016: How Qantas CEO Alan Joyce became the turnaround king. (2017).Financial Review. Retrieved 1 October 2017, from https://www.afr.com/brand/boss/true-leaders-2016-alan-joyce-qantas-ceo-20160711-gq37e9 Woolworths new CEO Brad Banducci takes helm and promises 'authentic' leadership. (2017).Financial Review. Retrieved 1 October 2017, from https://www.afr.com/business/retail/woolworths-new-ceo-brad-banducci-takes-helm-and-promises-authentic-leadership-20160225-gn4754

Romeo and Juliet Violence Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet Violence Essay Romeo and Juliet, by Shakespeare, is a play which shows how prejudice leads to escalating violence. Prejudice leads to violence shown in the play when the feuding families, the Montagues and Capulets fight. In each case, disruption, fighting, injuries and death occur. Also, the prejudice against the two families never got resolved because they were enemies. The prejudice started in Act one Scene one, when the Capulets and Montague servants confronted each other. Then the Capulets servants insult the Montagues. Which lead to a street brawl of the two feuding families. Furthermore in Act three Scene one, the prejudice between the families get worse. When Tybalt wanted revenge with the Montagues, he then confronted Romeo and Mercutio and started a duel. In addition the prejudice between families got even worse, when Tybalt kills Mercutio. Also, in Act five Scene three, Tybalt challenges Romeo to fight and Romeo kills him. Which lead to prejudice between the families. The street in Verona, a public place, is where the prejudice starts between the two families. In Act one Scene one, Sampson and Gregory servants for the Capulets, insulted the Montagues servants Balthasar and Abraham by biting his thumb at him. This leads to a fight, which involves the Lords of both families and the Prince. No death occurred, but the families attitudes against each other were worse then before. Which caused a lot of prejudice against the families that lead to violence. In like manners, another duel between the two feuding families start up again in the street of Verona in Act three Scene one. When Mercutio and Benvolio friends of Romeo, are confronted by Tybalt, who is still prejudice against the Montagues. Tybalt thinks that they crashed the Capulets ball and know he wants revenge. Mercutio and Tybalt fight between each others. Now Romeo arrives trying to stop the arguments. Tybalt draws his sword and challenges Romeo. Romeo refuses to fight and Mercutio stops in to meet Tybalt challenges. Romeo again, steps in to stop the fighting, but Tybalt stabs Mercutio under Romeos arm. Mercutio from this action dies from his injury and this caused disruption between the families which lead to prejudice. Instead of a Capulet killing a Montague, in Act five Scene three, a Montague kills a Capulet as prejudice leads to violence. In the Capulets Tomb at night, Paris, a young nobleman, kinsman to the Prince has come to pay his respect to his â€Å"lost† J uliet. When he hears the footstep of his enemies Romeo and Balthasar. Paris thinks Romeo has come to desecrate Juliets grave in act of the prejudice against them. While young Romeo was only trying to see his only love dead.. But Paris didnt know so he challenges Romeo to a fight and Romeo kills Paris. This event was caused due to prejudice that lead to violence which included injuries, death and disruption. From examining Romeo and Juliet, it is evident that the play shows how prejudice leads to escalating violence when the opening brawl started by the servants, the duel between Mercutio and Tybalt and Romeo and Paris. So it is evident that Romeo and Juliet, is a play that shows how prejudice leads to escalating violence between the feuding families.

Everyday by David Levithan Essay Example

Everyday by David Levithan Essay Human nature is used in Everyday by David Levithan by helping to explore and helps to create and determine the outcomes of particular events. Human nature plays a major part in the story as without it you’d personally become unaware as to why they’ve reacted or had an opinion the way they have. The way it’s been used in the content of the story helps to determine and distinguish the difference and how you can individually separate each character to make them more of an individual having the access to their individual thoughts. Every day doesn’t only explore a different way of life, it also opens the eyes to individuals to realise when you truly love someone you put their ever need before your own. Everyday is a set in everyday society, set around and within the lives of a large majority of teenage lives. The main character is more distinguished from the rest of the lives around him, instead of being able to live like and everyday teenager he is gifted with the ability to inhabit a life, not just any life. A teenagers around the same age as he/she. The main character is without a name, the only existence he experiences is an identity he’s borrowed for a day. â€Å"Every day I am someone else. I am myself- I know I am myself- but I am also someone else.† Page 1 Each morning for â€Å"A† appears the same as any other day, waking up in an unfamiliar location, with an unfamiliar appearance. Instantly his/she’s reaction is to access the memories and use his ability to determine his identity for a day. We will write a custom essay sample on Everyday by David Levithan specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Everyday by David Levithan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Everyday by David Levithan specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"Immediately I have to figure out who I am. It’s not just the body-opening my eyes and discovering whether the skin on my arm is light or dark, whether my hair is long or short, whether I’m fat or thin, boy or girl, scared or smooth.† page 1 Technically speaking â€Å"A† doesn’t exist, he doesn’t have a gender, an appearance except the identity borrowed for the day. He continues the life of the individual he is, attending

Big essays

Big essays The screwball is pitched. It flies from the pitchers hand like a miniature comet whose balance has been thrown off. Curving, twisting, the balls course and target change without warning. No one knows where the ball will strike. Such is the case with the screwball style of comedic motion pictures. This also happens to be the case with one screwball comedy, Big. Fast-paced, funny and a tad screwy, Big is a comedy dealing the differences in age groups and what it means when one is forced to grow up too early. Much as It Happened One Night dealt with the mannerisms and oddities of the American class system, Big deals with the mannerisms and oddities of Americas youths and grown ups. Each generation is portrayed in a unique way. The youths of the film are seen as freer and more interested in fun and games than their older counterparts. Whereas the children seem more open and adaptable to change, one adult in particular is entirely unable to accept even the slightest difference in his usual routine. He is unable to accept Joshs rise up the corporate ladder and subsequent popularity. Even the way they appear physically points to the idea that adults are cold and uncaring. Susan, Joshs soon-to-be girlfriend, is at first seen as a very stiff, emotionless woman who smokes and wears her hair pulled tight back. Although some adults are stuck being as they are, unable to change, two characters are lucky enough to be able to grasp on to a part of their inner-youths. MacMillon and Susan both undergo a transformation upon Joshs arrival. In the case of MacMillon, his transformation was already underway when he met Josh. However, the old mans introduction to the boy-trapped-in-a-mans-body only pushed him further along to finding his inner-youth. The scene in the toy store proves this. In what has become a famous scene in motion pictures, Josh and MacMillon showoff their musical prowes...

Analysing children's drawings in relation to current theories on Essay

Analysing children's drawings in relation to current theories on cognitive development - Essay Example Children move from uncontrolled to controlled scribbles. The second stage known as pre- schematic stage occurs from two to four years. Children tend to use their favorite colour to colour every imaginable thing. They are able to draw people with large heads and smaller stick bodies. The other stages include the schematic stage where children create stories for their drawings and the preteen stage which involves the â€Å"I can draw† syndrome. (Wallace 2002) Consistent with this five stage theory, Victor Lowenfeld 1947 also categorized children’s visual art development into five categories, namely, Scribbler, Preschematic, Schematic, Drawing Realism and Pseudo-Naturalism. In light of the fact that only the drawings of a three year old child are analyzed, just the first two stages of Lowenfeld’s art development, specifically, Scribble and Pre-schematic, will be discussed. Lowenfeld posited four sub stages to the Scribble stage. These include disordered-uncontrolled markings, longitudinal-controlled repetitions of motions, circular motions and naming. Lowenfeld maintains that the appearance of circular images with lines mark the beginning of the Preschematic stage. Throughout this stage the schema or visual idea is created. The drawings demonstrate what is â€Å"perceives as most important about the subject.† (Wallace 2002) Unlike Jean Piaget’s stages of development which has a chronological age guideline, Lowenfeld’s stages proceeds along the characteristics of the children’s art. In his description of the scribbler, Lowenfeld suggests that no discernible shape such as an identifiable object or animal is observable. He also proposes that the Scribbler does not represent any specific space in their drawings. The lines drawn appear to be arbitrarily made. However, in his letter to his GP, child A demonstrates an understanding of space in that the scribbles vary in length representing

What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the Essay - 1

What are the main constraints for the effective enforcement of the Antimonopoly Law in China - Essay Example The Antimonopoly law began operating in early August 2008, making China a vital competition law jurisdiction, for international and domestic businesses, or companies with running activities in China’s territory. Its three broad rules are based on prohibiting abuse of dominant market positions and restrictive agreements, mergers rules preventing mergers or joint ventures that restrict competition as well as control M&A activities, and rules forbidding abuse of administrative powers that end up in competition restriction (Rose, 2012). The application of the law is viewed differently among the people of China. Some think it applies to all businesses or organizations in dealings of providing goods and services, while others think the complexity of the law has something to enhance leniency in state owned enterprises. However, even after its initiation, several factors have dominated to restrict full enforcement of the law. They include limited transparency, concentration, influence from government involvement, outdated economic planning, unreliable market infrastructure, unnecessary enforcement of law, insider control, and general resistance. So far, the Anti Monopoly Law (AML) is being enforced by three bodies; MOFCOM, NDRC and SAIC, to ensure fair competition, safeguard social public and consumer interest, boost economic efficiency, and restrain monopolistic behavior. The enforcement agencies continue to experience challenges and problems in the law enforcement practice, limiting effective application and acceptance of the AML by the people. Over the years, the enforcement agencies have been handling many cases to do with monopolistic agreements, merger control, and price and non price related cases for the companies and businesses operating and showing interest to practice within China. The NDRC and SAIC have faced accusations

IT Infrastructure Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

IT Infrastructure - Coursework Example Typical service examples include storage, application access, printer services, file sharing and direct access to the raw computing power associated with the server. Often, this type of infrastructure will have one or additional client computers establishing connections to a central server via an internet connection. So widespread are the things that a client/server infrastructure can do. Typical examples include the following. First, it allows for use of servers to administer an entire network set-up including setting of access rights plus resource allocation. Consequently, an organization will need a lower number of support staff to administer centralized security accounts compared to other situations where access rights are to be configured on individual computers. Second, it provides an avenue for more efficient backup services ahead of possible data loss. In that case, an organization reduces worries in an event of data loss impairing the business operations. Finally, a client/server infrastructure can improve an organization’s change processes considering that a mere server upgrade can suffice in upgrading all client machines. Even though, it is possible to use the client/server infrastructure in programs resident on an individual computer, the concepts turn more useful in the network arena. In such a situation, the client initiates a connection that targets the server via an internet-based Wide Area or Local Area Networks (WLAN or LAN). After the server has met the client-submitted request, the connection gets terminated. Clients use browsers to seek for resources or services from the server. A distributed infrastructure (DI) refers to a set of heterogeneous networked computers that coordinate and communicate their actions through passing of messages. The operation of a distributed infrastructure is such that the distribution remains transparent in the user’s

Prison: Impact And Effects

Prison: Impact And Effects Jump to:  Theories of New Punitiveness | The Effect of Prison on the Family | The Effect of Prison on the Community  |  Conclusion Currently, the impact and effects of imprisonment, which is a means of social control, are increasingly becoming various and noticeable. This essay will first focus on the concept and the different models of social control. Then social functions, official aims of imprisonment and an example of a prison population crisis will be respectively examined in relation to sociological theories, new punitiveness and political economy, which are three main influences on imprisonment. Finally, the negative impact of imprisonment on both families and communities will be shown. Imprisonment as a concept of social control has a long history. In nineteenth century, social control paid more attention to both connecting sociology to political philosophy and settling the controversial discussions of macro-sociology (Janowitz, 1975, cited in Cohen and Scull, 1983). Social control, at that time, solved a great number of complicated issues, but the purely coercive controls were not widely used (Cohen and Scull, 1983). During the twentieth century, the social control, even sociology was to be a point of view and method for investigating the processes by which individuals are inducted to and induced to co-operate in some sort of permanent corporate existence we call society (Park and Burgess, 1924, cited in Cohen and Scull, 1983, p5). Indeed, the alteration of the process that inducted the individual into society had great benefits on social control. Additionally, at present, the concept of social control is basically defined as: any structure, process, relationship, or act that contributes to the social order (Liska, A.E, 1992, p3). Currently, there are three regulatory models of social control. The first model is custodial institution, which is established on the theories of social order and punishment and the police and prisons are the representative organizations of this model. In addition, community care, such as welfare agencies and halfway house, are also important methods of social control. In particularly, the custodial institution and community care create formal methods because of the rules, law and rehabilitation, they base on. The third model, which is informal, is called self and mutual help, such as social pressure and peer group. Less formal face to face controls are considered in this model (David and Stasz, 1990). Overall, social control uses the ways of punishment, prevention and rehabilitation in order to solve deviant, threatening and disorder behaviours. In particular, imprisonment is one of the highly used means of social control in form of punishment. There are three factors that strongly influence the development of imprisonment. Firstly, some theories of punishment as control have emerged. In Gramscis theory, the most important things for capitalist society in the revolutionary struggle are the superstructure of ideology, law and politics. Hegemony, which means that one class is convinced to accept other classes moral, political and cultural values, is his central idea. Additionally, Althusser improved the work of Gramsi. He introduced a penal system in the Repressive State Apparatus (RSA), which includes the police, the courts and the prison. However, he claimed that the functions of RSA are not only to coerce, but there are also ideological functions, such as to reproduce personal values. Distinguished from RSA, Althusser established Ideological State Apparatuses (ISA). He put some overlooked parts of the state in this mechanis m, such as educational system, the media and political parties (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). What is more, Foucalt, who created the phrase carceral archipelago to show western liberal democracies closely in touch with forms of oppression, argued in Discipline and Punish (1977) that: the emergence of the prison does not make a more humanitarian form of punishment, instead it represents an attempt to punish more efficiently and extensively to create a disciplined society (cited in Carrabine et al, 2009, p362). Furthermore, the English historian E.P.Thompson indicated that law, as well as penalty, can be found at every bloody level. However, if the law is unjust, the classs hegemony will benefit nothing from that. (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). Those sociological theories, particularly Foucaults great confinement that: institution of various kinds came to be adopted as the solution to a wide range of social problems (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, p194), shows that imprisonment has its social functions. Mathiesen, a Norwegian penologist, suggests that there are five social functions which demonstrate that imprisonment is still the dominant way of punishment. He calls the first function the expurgatory function. Many of people in prisons are homeless, abused and suffering from mental illness as Cavadino and Dignan (2007) researched and therefore regarded as unproductive and disruptive. They are routinely being put into prisons so as to prevent society from various damages. The second function is called the power-draining function. Apart from preventing prisoners from being involved in the normal society, the prisoners are also: denied the opportunity to exercise responsibility (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, p195). Minimal practical contributions is the function that is considered when the prisons were designed. Thirdly, prisoners easily isolate themselves from society, because of the shame of having been imprisoned. This is called, by Mathiesen, symbolic function. It shows the effect that those prisoners are a smaller risk to society after being released. The fourth function, related to the third one, is called the diverting function. Mathiesen (cited in Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, p195) claims in his book that: socially dangerous acts are increasingly being committed by individuals and classes with power in society. However, the fact is that the heavy-handed of prisons are highly used to the lower working class offenders. Hereby social attention is diverted from more serious social harm committed by the groups in power. For instance, acts of pollution and eco-systems destruction. Finally, Mathiesen identifies the fifth social function as the action function. Because it is the most serious means of social cont rol, prisons play a vital role in reducing the publics fear of crime. However, Cavadino and Dignan (2007, p196) argue that the imprisonment functions that Mathiesen suggests are not that efficient: there is also a heavy price to be paid, not only in terms of resources and human suffering, but also in managing the increasing tensions that are associated with the steady enduring penal crisis. Theories of New Punitiveness Secondly, in recent decades, new punitiveness, which means a general rise in the severity of punishment, has become a notable penal trend around the world. Essentially, the aim of new punitiveness is to make offenders suffer. At present, the imprisonment rate, which is a measure of harshness of punishment, has increased in nearly three fourths of countries all over the world. Undoubtedly, the United States has led this new trend, because the prison population and imprisonment rates in this country are the highest in the world and where numbers of prisoners have quintupled since the early 1970s (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, P84). Meanwhile, this punitiveness is connected with populist punitiveness whose policies and slogans, for instance, zero tolerance, three strikes and prison works are a far-reaching influence on policy-making, particularly penal policies. Definitely, it represents this penal trend: new punitiveness. (Garland, 2007) New punitiveness is connected with the official aims of using imprisonment that results in increasing use of prisons. Deterrence and retribution to offenders were the primary aims of imprisonment in the nineteenth century. However, during this period, the prisoners were still possible to return back to society and those ideas were treated as official policy. Additionally, although in the 1970s, the rehabilitation ideal collapsed, rehabilitation was reintroduced and became an important aim in penal practices in the late 1990s, especially in the UK Criminal Justice System. The current aims of rehabilitation are not only reforming prisoners characters, but more importantly to prevent them from reoffending (HCHAC, 2004). At present, the UK Prison Service states as its official aims: to reduce the risk of reoffending, hold prisoners securely and provide safety (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). However, practically, all of the three aims are lamentable. Considering the first aim, Shepherd and W hitings (2006) figures indicate that imprisonment is unsuccessful in preventing reoffending: two-thirds of all prisoners are reconvicted within two years of being released, and for young men aged 18-20, the figure is 74.8% (cited in Cavadino and Dignan, 2007, p193). Reoffending is worse than a decade ago, when according to the Home Office just 70% of offenders under 21 were reconvicted for a crime (Home Office, 1999). Secondly, to hold prisoners securely, does not only mean to prevent their safety, but also to keep them from escaping. Although, currently, the Prison Service and governments are paying more attention to lessen the rates of absconding, the escapes from prisons have become periodic (Cavadino and Dignan, 2007). Therefore, it is hard for the Prison Service to achieve the third aim that is to provide safety. Prisoners escapes will increase anxiety and fear within general public. Cavadino and Dignan (2007, p193) claim that: there is   a very long way to go before it can claim to be providing safe, well-ordered establishments in which prisoners are treated humanly, decently and lawfully. Thirdly, the political economy, particularly the welfare system, plays a vital role in causing different imprisonment rates among various countries and it can revealingly explain the reason of the rise of new punishment. There are three key categories. Firstly, at present, Neo-liberalism, which means free-market capitalism, exists in the US, Britain and Australia. The welfare state, under this ethos that individualism is more important than communitarianism, is minimalist. Cavadino and Dignan (2007, P86) argues that: the economic system creates much material inequality, which results in the social exclusion of many people and communities. Secondly, the welfare benefits in conservative corporatist countries whose collectivism is more important, such as Germany, are more generous than Neo-liberal countries. The citizens in those countries get better protection against unusual market forces and products. However, it is still not equality and it is shown in Cavadino and Dignans (2007, P8 6) book: their welfare states enshrine and perpetuate traditional class, status and economic division between different groups of citizens who are entitled to different levels of welfare benefits. Thirdly, the more equal and generous welfare states are social democratic countries, such as Sweden. Although they share conservative corporatisms communitarian approach, their systems are the most egalitarian ones among those three kinds of countries. Walnsleys (2005) research on imprisonment rates which shows that the rates in all neo-liberal countries are the highest, while the lowest rates are in social democratic countries, definitely confirms this theory. Undoubtedly, the United States is a typical example which shows the rise of the new punitiveness as a neo-liberal country. The quote: overcrowded conditions in our prisons have become a national crisis (cited in Matthews and Francis, 1996, p22) informs that this crisis has extended to almost all federals states and locals communities. Maguire and Pastore (1994) suggested that during 1968 to 1978, the prisoners in federal state prisons increased by over 1000000, from 187914 to 294396. Although many concerns have been took to the crisis, between 1980 to 1990, the number of state and federal inmates had more than doubled to over 7000000, and in 1994 this population surpassed the one million mark (Office of Criminal Justice Service, 1995, p72). There are three factors that contribute to the dramatic increase in prisoner population. Firstly, the increase of inmate population reflects the high rates of crimes (Lynch, 1995). However, in return, the crime rates are not equal to the increment in prison population. According to FBI data the crime rates did not increase sharply in the last few decades. Blumstein (1995, cited in Matthews and Francis, 1996, p30) concluded that: it is very unlikely that the growth in prison population was a consequence of a growing crime rate. Secondly, the US has a long-drawn campaign to get tough with crime. Whatever the elected official is, the politics, from mandatory minimum prison sentences, to restrictions on parole release, to three strikes and you are out law, are aimed at putting more offenders in prison and for a lengthier stay (Skolnick, 1994, cited in Matthews and Francis, 1996, p30). Thirdly, in the 1980s, the war on drugs, which aimed to punish drug offences by using criminal law, contributed to the increase of prison populations. Only 10% of the prison populations were occupied by drug offenders, while this figure had doubled in 1989. Blumstein (1995) conducted a study, which pointed out that: 44% of this increase in prison p opulations between 1986 and 1991 could be attributed to the boom in the number of offenders imprisoned for drug offences (cited in Matthews and Francis, 1996, p31). Furthermore, there are some other solutions that the US has implemented. For instance, creating capacity, which means to build more prisons to house all prisoners; and intermediate punishment, which aims to get tough in the community as a punishment. However, Matthews and Francis (1996) argued the barriers as follows: theories of reducing the crowding crisis remain mainly academic exercises with little prospect of substantively affecting the extent of the crisis, ideas on reducing prison crowding are judged too dangerous because their endorsement would expose elected officials to charges of being soft on crime. (p31-32)   The Effect of Prison on the Family Obviously, imprisonment has lots of bad effects on families. Firstly, those families, whose member is in prison, will lose respect in the community. Clear (2009, p128) cites an experience of a participant in his book: neighborhood residents not only look at the specific offender but also the entire family, and if one has offended, all of a sudden they are not the most respected, even from the church. Secondly, parental imprisonment results in financial problems, especially if the man of the family is in prison. Those families lose a productive member, thus they lose income, because the partners imprisonment will probably influence the employment of the woman, and the ability of a male support the family is higher than the females (Clear, 2009). Thirdly, the most significant influence is on children. Actually, the effects of imprisonment on children start at the arrest of their parent. They are shocked, fearful and confused when witnessing their parents being arrested. As Van Nijantte n (1998) points out: the way the father was removed in handcuffs or with a bag over his head, are sensations the child will never forget (p82). Parental imprisonment has a psychological influence on children. A majority of researches have found that children, whose parents are in prison, are more likely to show the depression, hyperactivity, clinging behaviour, sleep problems, truancy and poor school grades. (Murray, 2005). While, other studies revealed that those children have a higher risk of showing bad behaviour or experience imprisonment (Johnston, 1995). Farrington et al (1996, cited in Codd, 2008. p73) also support this idea that: children who are brought up by parents, who are offenders, particularly if they are imprisonment, have been argued to be more likely to go on to offend. However, parental imprisonment still has benefits for some children. Eddy and Reid (2003), suggest that the quality of positive parenting will rise, because their parents may take more time out on t he street and send them to a caregiver or local care organisations, which will results in less significant problems for those children. The Effect of Prison on the Community Similarly, imprisonment has several effects on the communities. First of all, stigma sometimes will transfer from families to communities. Although some residents say that they do not mind and even celebrate it when the prisoners come back to the community, the stigma, especially if more serious crimes are committed in the community, will inevitably influence the whole community. For example, residents may be reluctant to be out on the street at night in their areas or to take part in activities (Clear, 2009). Secondly, the economic situation of the community is seriously affected by the imprisonment, because of the stigma. There is a fact that residents are concerned more about living surroundings. If there are a number of people with criminal records in the community it can lead to lower property values. Meanwhile, the businesses in such places noted that fewer customers enter their premises. Clear (2009) discusses those two ideas: the areas bad reputation means that large corporat ions do not locate their business in these neighbourhood; and housing prices are diminished because, when residents flee, they sell their houses for whatever they can get, often at a reduced price. This reflects the value of the community (p135). Thirdly, prisoners are always full of hope when returning back to their community. However, they soon feel low self-worth and self-esteem, because the communities stigmatise them. Consequently, they will do nothing to contribute to the communities and feel thats just the way I am, which may very likely lead them to reoffend. As a participants responses in Clears research show (2009, p138): if you treat me more like a human being, I will act more like human being, if you treat me more like an animal, Im going to act more like an animal. Last but not least, even if residents show a welcome to prisoners, those people from prisons actually increase the fear of crime in communities. Another participant in the same study says he is worried about his son when he is working, because of having a former prisoner as a next door neighbour. Other residents express the same fears. They are cited in Clears (2009, p142) book: one resident said that if someone with a criminal records moved in next door to her home, she might do a background check. Another said he was going to watch him'. Overall, those accumulated impacts on the community can be fierce. Conclusion In conclusion, imprisonment plays a vital role as a means of social control. Although in some countries, such as the US, the overcrowded prisons have become a pressing problem that needs to be addressed urgently, because of its valuable social functions and coincidence with official aims, imprisonment is widely used around the world. However, the negative effects on families, especially on children who are economically and mentally greatly affected and suffer when their parents are imprisoned; and communities whose economies and social anxiousness are seriously influenced, should not be neglected. It may negate the development of imprisonment

Drug Addiction :: Social Issues, Drug and Alcohol Abuse

According to Webster's New Worldâ„ ¢ Medical Dictionary, 3rd Edition, Addiction is a chronic relapsing condition characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and abuse and by long-lasting chemical changes in the brain. Addiction is the same irrespective of whether the drug is alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, or nicotine. Every addictive substance induces pleasant states or relieves distress. Continue use of addictive substances induces adaptive changes in the brain that lead to tolerance, physical dependence, uncontrollable craving and, all too often, relapse. Dependence is at such a point that stopping is very difficult and causes severe physical and mental damage from withdrawal (WILLIAM C. SHIEL JR., 2008). Over the past two decades, many researchers have identified subgroups of alcohol and drug user based in similarities like drinking style (Kevin M. King, 2009), behavior problems, etiology, outcome, and other clinically significant phenomena; making the most predominant the antisocial, primarily neurotic, mixed neurotic and antisocial, and psychotic (Malow, 1989). But the antisocial features have been the most prominent between all the subtypes; especially on drug user. This literature will review these thru the following questions: 1. How addiction impact family and social relationships? 2. Do alcohol and drug addictions have relationship with crime? 3. What is the economic cost related to alcohol and drug addiction? How addiction impact family and social relationships? Drug and alcohol abuse is a large problem for adults in our world today. It is destructive, not just in terms of its effect on the addict but for the suffering it inflicts on the loved ones and family (Sadava, 1987). Though the addict may have no conscious intention of harming his companions and relatives, his self-destructive actions are a source of anguish for anyone with genuine affection for him/her. One of the most common situations is when the partner tries to hide the addict’s behavior from family member, co-workers, employer or general public. This type of behavior is known as Codependence (Malow, 1989). A codependent partner will make up excuses for the addict’s work absences or a car accident; even will tries to clean up any legal messes resulting from the addict’s behavior; allowing the addict to continue his destructive path without dealing with its consequences. Consequences that can go from continuous fights to elevated levels of dome stic violence. Most the time related to financial hardships, causes by the addict’s need to buy drugs, as well as from his inability to find consistent employment.

Macro factors affecting business strategy Essay

The external environment of a business includes a variety of factors such as competitors, suppliers and regulations that influence major strategic decisions. Scanning and assessing the external environment is a vital part of strategic decision-making in entrepreneurial ventures. This helps small-business managers locate factors that pose opportunities or threats to their businesses. A better understanding of the ramifications of external environmental factors can improve success and survival for small businesses. Strategic Decision-Making In formulating strategic decisions, managers need to consider present and future environmental opportunities and threats. Entrepreneurs develop a basic business idea with a target customer base. Then they proceed to scan the environment for opportunities and threats and analyze the results in the light of company’s resources and strengths. This analysis gives the managers the information to decide on the feasibility of the business idea. Oversight in identifying opportunities or threats can lead to misguided strategic decisions and business failure. Task Environment The task environment of a business includes the components of the environment that the company deals with directly, such as customers, suppliers and competitors. Customers are the central stakeholders in strategic decision-making. Any decision that sidelines the needs of the customers can potentially lead to loss of business. Suppliers provide inputs for the value-creation process of the company. Any lapse in the quality of their products and services can affect the operations of the company and eventually trickle down to the customer. As a result, the management works with suppliers to ensure they provide timely and quality service. Any strategic decision should consider the reaction of competitors. Strategic decisions may strengthen the position of the company in relation to competitors or may leave the company vulnerable to competitor attacks. General Environment The general environment comprises those components of the environment that impact the business indirectly, such as the government, socio-cultural, technological and economic conditions. For example, the company should  comply with taxation, labor market and industry-related regulation. Additionally, technological advances pose new opportunities as well as threats. For example, new online music sharing formats threaten to alter the entire recording industry, and the advent of the Internet made e-commerce a reality. Sources of Innovation The environment holds potential sources of innovation for an entrepreneurial venture. An unexpected success or outside event can indicate a business opportunity. For example, Don Cullen of Transmet Corporation spilled fine aluminum flakes onto the company’s parking lot and later observed that the asphalt did not turn sticky in high temperatures. This discovery led to the idea of producing aluminum chips for roofing. Sales doubled every year since the commercialization of the product.

Free Essays on Rudyard Kipling Bio

Rudyard Kipling Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay, India on December 30, 1865, to John and Alice Kipling. Rudyard’s father was an architectural sculptor who worked at the Jeejebhoy School of Art. Rudyard was related to Stanley Baldwin, the future Tory prime minister of England. Rudyard’s mother was Stanley’s aunt. Rudyard was brought up by Indian native amahs (tutors) and he spoke Hindi and English. However, his childhood in India would be short-lived. In 1871, Rudyard moved to England with his sister and stayed with his parent’s friends who lived in Southsea. He stayed there for three years feeling alone and abandoned. His parents never told him and his sister about the arrangement. While living there he met a girl named Florence Garrad. They were engaged but he broke it off. In 1878 Rudyard moved to the United Services College at Westward Hol in North Devonshire, England. The headmaster there knew Rudyard’s parents. Rudyard was a very apt student and accomplished a lot in the time he spent at the United Services College. He was very gifted and wrote many works in derivative verse and was the editor of the school’s newspaper. After his schooling Rudyard went back to his parents. In 1882 Rudyard returned to India and worked as a journalism apprentice in Lahore, Simla, and Allahabad. He started writing sketches and eventually he began composing stories. Kipling became a very successful author due to his tales of army men and residents of Indian stations. He published Plain Tales from the Hills and Soldiers Three and some cockney poetry. After these accomplishments Rudyard decided to take time to see the world. In 1889, Rudyard left India and traversed across the Far East, Canada, and America in order to get to London. After his treks he became famous and was reviewed by many famous authors and poets including Oscar Wilde, Edmund Gosse, and W.E. Henley. During this time he met a man named Wolcott Balest... Free Essays on Rudyard Kipling Bio Free Essays on Rudyard Kipling Bio Rudyard Kipling Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay, India on December 30, 1865, to John and Alice Kipling. Rudyard’s father was an architectural sculptor who worked at the Jeejebhoy School of Art. Rudyard was related to Stanley Baldwin, the future Tory prime minister of England. Rudyard’s mother was Stanley’s aunt. Rudyard was brought up by Indian native amahs (tutors) and he spoke Hindi and English. However, his childhood in India would be short-lived. In 1871, Rudyard moved to England with his sister and stayed with his parent’s friends who lived in Southsea. He stayed there for three years feeling alone and abandoned. His parents never told him and his sister about the arrangement. While living there he met a girl named Florence Garrad. They were engaged but he broke it off. In 1878 Rudyard moved to the United Services College at Westward Hol in North Devonshire, England. The headmaster there knew Rudyard’s parents. Rudyard was a very apt student and accomplished a lot in the time he spent at the United Services College. He was very gifted and wrote many works in derivative verse and was the editor of the school’s newspaper. After his schooling Rudyard went back to his parents. In 1882 Rudyard returned to India and worked as a journalism apprentice in Lahore, Simla, and Allahabad. He started writing sketches and eventually he began composing stories. Kipling became a very successful author due to his tales of army men and residents of Indian stations. He published Plain Tales from the Hills and Soldiers Three and some cockney poetry. After these accomplishments Rudyard decided to take time to see the world. In 1889, Rudyard left India and traversed across the Far East, Canada, and America in order to get to London. After his treks he became famous and was reviewed by many famous authors and poets including Oscar Wilde, Edmund Gosse, and W.E. Henley. During this time he met a man named Wolcott Balest...

Taiwan essays

Taiwan essays Initially, Taiwan was not an island; the land which is now the island of Taiwan formed an integral part of the Chinese mainland. It was only later that it became an island due to movement of the earth's crust. The study of Taiwan's historical heritage also confirms that close links have always existed between the cultures of Taiwan and continental China. Through constant improvements in technology and international relations, Taiwan will continue to grow and expand throughout the world. This paper will discuss several areas of interest about the country of Taiwan including its geography and climate, people and language, history, government, foreign relations, economy, education, and tourist attractions. Taiwan is located in the Western Pacific about 160 kilometers off the southeastern coast of China, midway between Japan and the Philippines. The island of Taiwan is about 394 km in length and 144 km wide at its broadest point Taiwan has five longitudinal mountain ranges that cover almost the whole area. Its tallest mountain, Mount Jade, peaking at an incredible 3,952 meters. The island also consists of volcanic mountains, foothills, tablelands, coastal plains, and basins. In July, the average temperature on the island is about 82 degrees in July and about 57 degrees in January. Summers are usually hot and humid, and last from May to September. Winters are fairly mild and only last from December to February. The average rainfall is about 98.5 inches per year. (www.tecro.com) In 1544, the island of Taiwan was found by the Portuguese as they were on their way to Japan. They referred to it as llha Formosa, or beautiful island. Between 1662 and 1684 Taiwan went through many rulers, including the Dutch until 1684, when Taiwan was made a province of China, and it was there that they had their first governor. Throughout the next 65 years, Taiwan still was not at rest due to the constant wars and incidents surrounding the land....

Threat of Economic Development in Ireland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Threat of Economic Development in Ireland - Essay Example omic theory tells us to examine costs and benefits in order to determine whether resources are allocated in a manner that increases or decreases economic growth,† Adding further down in his commentary that, â€Å"Other forms of government spending have a less desirable impact on economic activity. If a program does not facilitate or encourage economic activity, or has only a small positive effect, then the aggregate impact on the economy will be negative because there are limited benefits – if any – to outweigh the costs. And if the program actually undermines work, saving, and investment or encourages misallocation of resources, then the overall adverse impact on economic growth will be particularly pronounced. A good example from recent events is federal flood insurance. Not only does the program require resources to be taxed or borrowed from the productive sector of the economy – with all the associated economic costs, but it also encourages over-buildi ng in flood zones, which leads to the destruction of wealth during natural disasters,† (Mitchell 10/25/2005). As it pertains to Irish environment, it can be determined that first a sense of which in environment is key in understanding the implications, positive or negative, that economic development will have on the said environment. When it comes to the political environment of a nation, economic development is important as it comes to progressive advancement. Any other environment can find itself hampered in one way or another by economic advancement because as was seen with the Industrial Revolution, which had great economic benefits even presently, the environment itself has suffered through greenhouse gases that have left the environment in continuously deteriorating health. According to the brief description provided within the article, Ireland is described as being the second richest nation within the European Union. As such, logical deduction would state that for a country to have reached that

Days of Heaven by Terrence Malick Research Paper

Days of Heaven by Terrence Malick - Research Paper Example Bill, Abby and Linda works at the same farm. The farmer who was the owner of the farm was a wealthy guy. The farmer somehow falls in love with Abby. At the same time it comes to the knowledge of the farmer that he is dying off some unidentified disease. When Bill gets to know about it, he designs a plan and try to convince Abby to marry the farmer. Bill wanted Abby to marry the dying farmer so that when he is dead they both can have his inherited money (French). Bill convinces Abby and after they both get married, Bill stays at the farm being Abby’s brother. The farmer’s foreman suspected the scheme. At the same time, the farmer is also able to resist the disease and stayed healthy. This ruins Bill’s plan. The farmer also gets to know about Bill’s and Abby relationship. On the other hand, Abby starts loving her new husband. The farmer tries to kill Bill but instead Bill kills him and escapes with Abby and Linda. Police eventually finds Bill and kills him. The music in the film is thoughtful and is filled with regret and loss. The musical mode in the film is like that of ‘The Godfather’, but is not very strong and remembered. This shows that Malick wanted to reflect a sad psychological connection of the characters with music. This has helped in determining the mental conditions of the character throughout the film (Schager). ‘Good days of heaven’ was not very well received by critics. The film, however, won an Academy Award for best cinematography. Regardless of the unfavorable critics, it is one of the most acclaimed films.

Human Rights and Rule of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Rights and Rule of Law - Essay Example Do human rights really exist How can human rights be understood and justified. And what is the purpose of the rule of law The following study is purposed to analyze the practical understanding of the concept of human rights in different countries and whether the fundamentals of this concept are universally observed and agreed upon. Rights are creations of human consciousness. Today the existence of human rights has assumed paramount importance for the advance of society. Human right can exist as a shared norm of actual human moralities, as a justified moral norm supported by strong reasons, as a legal right at the national level, or as a legal right within international law. Enactment in national and international law is one of the ways in which human rights exist. But many have suggested that this is not the only way. If human rights exist only because of enactment, their availability is contingent on domestic and international political developments. However there are certain rights which are somehow innate and inherent in human beings- the right to life, the right to food, liberty and to formal equality as pressed by the rules of natural justice. The more contemporary human rights include the right to freedom of expression, right to a free trial and the right to equality before law and the extent to which t hese rights are observed in a given country primarily depends on its establishment inspired by the policies in practice by the regime. That is one reason why despite the universal agreement on the need for protection of human rights, there exist1s an alarming trend of deliberate violation of these rights within the premises of the current institutions. Every regime claims to advance the well being of its people and still most regimes in the world systematically violate human rights. They do so in the name of maintaining national security, defending civilization and advancing the revolution of economic progress. Our kind of world makes necessary the most robust scepticism toward all ideological labels. Whether a repressive regime describes itself as socialist or capitalist, as revolutionary or traditional,Do Human Right Exist What is the Purpose of the Rule of Law 4 the salient characteristics are the same. People are not allowed to leave the country. The secret police are not restrained by law and there is no appeal from police power.

European contact with native North Americans Essay Example for Free

European contact with native North Americans Essay On October 12, 1492, the loud words ring across the deck Land Ho. After 70 long days at sea a tattered bunch of sea dogs jump down into a small rowboat and work there way ashore. The man in charged is named Christopher Columbus. Have you ever wondered what the impact was on the Native American population, when they first met the insatiable intruders of the European continent? When I was in high school I remember learning about Christopher Columbus and others who were credited for discovering the New World. I do not recall being told about the many negative impacts that were caused to the Native Americans. Well I always had this nice picture of Chris and the Indians sitting down and enjoying a meal and exchanging gifts. This is what I was taught in high school but is this really what took place? What really happened was the loss of three items that we as Americans hold in high value they were the loss of life, land, and freedom of the Native Americans! I do not know whether they thought we were too young to understand the overall picture of what took place, or if it is meant to be saved for college level history. During the period of early European settlement there are believed to have been seven different cultural based Native American societies within the present day boundaries of the United States. First you have the Northeast tribes located along the East coast some of which were the Iroquois, Powhatan, Wampanong, Weapemeoc, and there were many more in addition to these. The Southeast Tribes Located around the Florida Coastline was the Cherokee, Chickasaw, and the Choctaw are just a few of them. The Prairies, which consisted of the Wichita, Missouri, and the Omaha and numerous others. The High Plains, which consisted of some of the following tribes Cheyenne, Comanche, Arapaho, Pawnee, and the Tonkawa. The Southwest tribes consisted of Apache, Navajo, and Hopi. The Great Basin you had the Paiute, Shoshone, and the Spokane. And last but not least you had the Northwest tribes, which included the Chinook, Makah, and the Tillamook. Each of these different tribes had engaged in trading networks over vast stretches of the continent for centuries before the Europeans arrived (Nash et al. 13). The European settlers and explores brought the Native Americans something of  unparalleled importance in history, a viral infection that spread like wildfire through a population that had no immunity against it (Nash et al. 5). Everywhere the Europeans landed the natives were infected. It is believed that a 90 to 95% death rate amongst the Native American was caused by these viral infections such as smallpox, measles, and chicken pox (Trickel 32). In most areas where Europeans intruded in the hemisphere for the next three centuries, the catastrophe repeated itself. No matter who came, whether French, English, Spanish, or Dutch, every newcomer from the old world participated accidentally in the spread of disease that typically eliminated, with in a few generations, at least two-thirds of the native population (Nash et al. 26). I am not trying to say that all European contact was bad for them, take the French involvement with the Native Americans. When the French met with the natives they found it to be better to live amongst them. Trade was also beneficial to the natives. The Indians and the French set up many little trading posts and villages along the interior of the Americas, along the Mississippi river valley, and both prospered from those villages. The Dutch and British began early buying land, a practice never understood by the Native Americans, who generally believed that they were granting the newcomers rights to use rather than to own the lands. European settlers started putting up fences and claiming land that did not belong to them (Nash et al.12). To the European the owning of land was a show of ones wealth. This was a concept, which the Native Americans were not familiar; with due to the fact that land to them was communal, it belonged to all. There were no rich or poor in Native American villages everyone shared this was something the Europeans did not understand. I am not saying they did not have boundaries, too, because they did amongst different tribes. So this had a great impact because they were being driven from their hunting grounds and roaming spaces. The Spanish came to the New World looking for gold (Nash et al. 5). Often they married with the Native Americans. French explorers were trappers and traders they often married with the Native Americans and maintained friendly  relations based on trade partnership with the Native Americans. The Dutch and British, in contrast with these other European groups, came to the New World with their families to set up colonies most of them were seeking to settle the land (Nash et al. 68). What was life like in a Native American village before European exploration? I picture a village of many people sharing a land working together for the needs of the village. Some people thought that the Native Americans were savages but is that true? I think not. They had services not as a Christian would believe but they did join as a group and did worship. Who is to say that if you are not a Christian you cannot be saved? They took from the land what they needed to exist; they used every part of what they hunted. They used the skins for blankets, flooring, clothing and they ate the meat and found uses for everything they killed. They believed the people belonged to the land not, as the Europeans held, that the land belonged to people. In Native American societies, women also held subordinate positions, to men but not to the extreme found amongst the European men and women. In Iroquois villages, men sat in a circle to deliberate and make decisions, but the senior women of the village stood behind them, lobbying and instructing. The chief was often a male; the elder women of their tribe named them to their position. If they moved to far from the will of the women who appointed them, these chiefs were removed. (Nash et al. 12). The women played active rolls in all aspects of the tribal affairs and everyday life, such as planting and harvesting. The Native Americans were used in many different fashions during the early exploration and colonization of America. They were often used as guides, slaves, traders, and also as allies or enemies to the many different colonizing factions of the European countries. In Latin America many Native Americans surrendered when faced with European domination. Others were enslaved on plantations, where they mixed together with African slaves and survived, mixed in race and culture. The French found them very useful in the trade and allies along the Mississippi river valley and the interior of the Americas. The English found them to be blocking the progress to  advancing civilization of the coastal regions, but also found them to be useful allies during the French and Indian war. The Indian tribes who lived in and near the English colonies seemed natural subjects for enslavement, as had the Indians in Spanish America. Native American slavery was attempted, but the Native Americans did not make as good of slaves as Africans. For one thing, they were less accustomed to the settled agriculture at which they were expected to labor. Perhaps most importantly, Native Americans were not bewildered foreigners, weakened and cowed by the terrible experience of being transported to a new world. Native Americans were in their own homeland, where they were organized into tribes and nations; they were not so few and scattered as the Africans in the early decades of the colonies. By the time the colonists were sufficiently numerous and organized to enforce slavery on the Native Americans, an easier solution was presented by the ever larger number of more helpless Africans put on the block and sold by the slave traders. The British, who employed them after the British victory in the French and Indian War, started the practice of making treaties with the American Indians in the colonial period. During the American Revolution the U.S. government adopted the treaty system, signing its first treaty with the Delaware. The purposes of a treaty was to obtain tribal land, to determine boundaries between Indian and white lands, and to regulate trade. By adopting the treaty system, the British and U.S. government recognized the prior ownership of land by Native American tribes and status as independent nations. After the American colonists won their independence from England, the American government continued the English practice of treating the tribes as independent nations. Other Indians, particularly throughout the center of America, entered into the economic, religious, and social life of their conquerors and became the lowest class of the U.S. society. The European colonization of the New World had a great impact on the Native Americans In many ways and the majority of them were negative. I wonder it would have been like if it had been the other way around, if it had been the Native Americans who had colonized Europe. I also wonder why I never knew  these facts until I attended a college level history class. I believe that we should be taught the entire truth in high school not given the impression of Chris and the Native Americans sitting down at a table and sharing a nice meal and exchanging gifts. Works Cited Nash, Gary B., et al. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society. Volume One to 1887.4th Edition. Los Angeles: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc., 1998. Trickel, John A. Readings In United States History To 1877: Perspectives on America. Volume 1. New York: American Heritage Custom Publishing, 1